UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of CBI recipients. Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) is a mechanism to collect feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of assistance. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. This CBI PDM took place in Djugu and Drodro territories, province of Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo in January 2021 for the cash assistance provided in November 2020.

UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of CBI recipients. Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) is a mechanism to collect feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of assistance. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. This CBI PDM took place in the Rwampara health zone, near Bunia in the province of Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo in January 2021 for the cash assistance provided in December 2020.

UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of CBI recipients. Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) is a mechanism to collect feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of assistance. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. This CBI PDM took place in several locations in the province of Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo in July of 2020 for cash assistance that was provided between March and April 2020.

During the course of 2020, Indonesia's economy was severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. UNHCR expanded their existing cash programme and provided several Cash-Based Interventions (CBI) as part of the COVID-19 emergency response 5,823 refugees were supported with cash assistance in three rounds during the last six months of 2020. The CBI Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) was conducted in December 2020 to assess the outcomes of the intervention. UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering , offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line wassistanceith UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients.

UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients. UNHCR supported 109 refugee households in 11 provinces in China with cash assistance in Quarter 2, 2021. The CBI PDM was conducted between June and July 2021 to assess outcomes of the assistance. More than half the households receiving cash assistance are individuals without family. UNHCR’s cash assistance is beneficial to its recipients as respondents point to improved living conditions (90%), relieved financial burdens (90%/75) and reduction in feeling of stress (96%). In terms of coping strategies, almost 68% of all beneficiaries had to take out a new loan or borrowed money over the last three months.

The Rapid Needs Assessment (RNA)/Cash-Based Intervention Post-Distribution (CBI PDM) Monitoring Household Survey was conducted in Thailand in May 2020. The RNA and PDM were designed as a phone-based survey targeting urban refugees and asylum seekers in Thailand to assess their needs and evaluate the effectiveness of the CBI program in light of COVID-19. UNHCR Thailand and its partners work to ensure that the protection needs of urban refugees and asylum seekers are met during the COVID-19 pandemic. Having observed increased levels of vulnerability relating to restrictions on movement, loss of livelihood opportunities and access to healthcare, the RNA aims to strengthen the understanding of the situation, need and vulnerabilities of the forced displaced population. This survey focuses on COVID-19 knowledge, experience, behaviour and norms, health, education, employment and access to basic necessities. The findings aim to provide evidence to evaluate and design protection and programme interventions. Since May 2016, UNHCR Thailand has been using multi-purpose CBI PDM to provide protection, assistance and services to the most vulnerable refugees in the urban areas. The number of urban refugees approaching UNHCR for financial support has more than doubled since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. To ensure that UNHCR’s multi purpose CBI framework for urban refugees in Thailand is effective, the monitoring was conducted simultaneously with the RNA. PDM is a mechanism to collect and understand refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the cash assistance. The findings of the PDM support the assessment of the impact of CBI for urban refugees in Thailand affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the appropriateness of funding levels, distribution modalities and the use of cash to support refugees.

The COVID-19 Socioeconomic-/Cash-Based Intervention Post-Distribution Monitoring (CBI PDM) was conducted in September 2021 to assess the needs of the refugees in Eastern Nepal and Kathmandu. The survey consists of two parts. The first part of the survey measures the impact of COVID-19 on refugees' knowledge, behavior and health as well as refugees' economic livelihoods and the second part monitors the latest cash assistance programme. As a response to COVID-19, UNHCR has since the start of the pandemic launched multiple new cash grants and expanded existing programs. UNHCR's cash assistance complements governments' efforts by contributing with an additional safety net for vulnerable refugees and others left behind. Also during the course of 2021, UNHCR has continued to support the COVID-19 emergency response with cash assistance. UNHCR uses PDM as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of the recipients.

As a response to COVID-19, UNHCR has since the start of the pandemic launched multiple new cash grants and expanded existing programs. UNHCR's cash assistance complements governments' efforts by contributing with an additional safety net for vulnerable refugees and others left behind. UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of the recipients. The COVID-19 CBI PDM Household Survey was conducted in Malaysia between August to September 2021. In Malaysia, UNHCR provided urgent cash assistance to mitigate the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19, which hit especially urban refugees hard. Some 80 percent of the cash recipients experienced loss of income during the movement control order in Malaysia. Despite the overall positive impact of cash assistance, 80 percent of the households resorted to negative coping strategies to meet basic needs, highlighting that the unmet needs are vast despite assistance.

The second round in 2020 of the Rapid Needs Assessment (RNA)/Cash-Based Intervention Post-Distribution (CBI PDM) Monitoring Household Survey was conducted in Thailand from October to November 2020. The RNA and PDM were designed as a phone-based survey targeting urban refugees and asylum seekers in Thailand to assess their needs and evaluate the effectiveness of the CBI program in light of COVID-19. UNHCR Thailand and its partners work to ensure that the protection needs of urban refugees and asylum seekers are met during the COVID-19 pandemic. Having observed increased levels of vulnerability relating to restrictions on movement, loss of livelihood opportunities and access to healthcare, the RNA aims to strengthen the understanding of the situation, need and vulnerabilities of the forced displaced population. This survey focuses on COVID-19 knowledge, experience, behaviour and norms, health, education, employment and access to basic necessities. The findings aim to provide evidence to evaluate and design protection and programme interventions. Since May 2016, UNHCR Thailand has been using multi-purpose CBI PDM to provide protection, assistance and services to the most vulnerable refugees in the urban areas. The number of urban refugees approaching UNHCR for financial support has more than doubled since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. To ensure that UNHCR’s multi purpose CBI framework for urban refugees in Thailand is effective, the monitoring was conducted simultaneously with the RNA. PDM is a mechanism to collect and understand refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the cash assistance. The findings of the PDM support the assessment of the impact of CBI for urban refugees in Thailand affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the appropriateness of funding levels, distribution modalities and the use of cash to support refugees.

THE CBI PDM Household Survey was conducted in Malaysia between December, to January, 2021. In Malaysia, refugees live in a very challenging environment with limited rights to health, education and work. As the Malaysian government does not provide refugees with any monetary support, refugees depend on low-income work to provide for their families and for themselves. As there are approximately 150,000 refugees in Malaysia, the CBI program is targeted to the most vulnerable groups, with a household income below the national poverty line, women and girls at risk, children and adolescents at risk and persons with serious medical conditions. Assistance to refugees who have been detained and have not managed to earn sufficient funds during their sentence is also provided. UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients.

THE CBI Covid PDM Household Survey was conducted in Nepal from November, 2020 to February, 2021. In Nepal, UNHCR has supported the Covid-19 response in multiple sectors in 2020, such as Cash-Based Interventions. One of the main findings of the survey was that almost a third of the households answered that they were currently not able to meet basic needs of the households, even though alll of them had benefitted from interventions earlier. UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients.

UNHCR Serbia CBI project provides targeted financial assistance to UNHCR's Population of concern (PoC) with monthly cash grants, with a view to address the most acute material needs of refugees and asylum seekers in private accommodation. The overall objective of the project is to ensure that PoC have sufficient basic and domestic items, through the delivery of monthly cash assistance meant to cover expenses helping them to settle and stabilize their life upon displacement. This assistance aims to support a longer-term self-reliance with a view to reduce vulnerability, including prevention of high-risk behaviour (survival sex, child labour…). Besides the regular monthly payments, the project covers for emergency needs as one-time cash payment. UNHCR provides CBI to the most vulnerable asylum seekers and refugees, through direct implementation. Current CBI SOPs were endorsed at the beginning of 2019. The CBI Committee, consisting of representatives of Durable Solutions, Protection and Programme Units decides on allocation, extension or withdrawal of cash assistance to each beneficiary. CBI is meant to help PoCs address their basic needs, including alternatives to camps. The SCRM provides rental subsidy to persons granted international protection, during the first year upon recognition of their status. After that period, and if there are gaps in allocation, UNHCR provides CBI. As opposed to SCRM, UNHCR can also provide CBI to asylum seekers in private accommodation. In July, UNHCR 47 HH/89 persons received CBI. Half of these households started receiving CBI due to loss of jobs during the COVID-19 crisis.

THE CBI PDM Household Survey was conducted in Kyrgyzstan between February, to April, 2021. In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic and its far lasting financial impacts, UNHCR Kyrgyzstan has rolled out an Emergency Cash Assistance Program to help refugees meet their basic needs and to mitigate harsh socio-economic impacts in the time of crisis and countrywide lockdowns. The CBI was rolled out in two rounds to all refugee and asylum seeker households to help meet their basic needs including food, rent, and access to essential supplies and services during Covid-19 restrictions. UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients.

THE CBI PDM Household Survey was conducted in Tajikistan between February, to April, 2021. Tajikistan hosts the largest number of refugees in Central Asia, predominantly from neighbouring Afghanistan. While some progress has been achieved in areas such as access to health and education for refugees, livelihoods and self-reliance, though, continue to pose a challenge. As the result of Covid-19, refugees faced a myriad of challenges, including the loss of daily incomes and livelihoods to cover basic needs such as rent, food and health care. For refugees in Tajikistan, who largely rely on daily work, the impact of Covid 19 has been devastating as it has led to widespread unemployment. As a response measure, UNHCR jointly with its NGO partner provided Covid-19 cash assistance to 414 refugee households over the course of six months (July-December 2020). The results from this survey suggest that cash assistance provided as an immediate measure to support vulnerable refugee households during the Covid-19 pandemic has had a positive impact on the lives of the respondents. Cash assistance predominantly has been spent to cover food, medicines and rent costs. UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients.

THE CBI PDM Household Survey was conducted in Sri Lanka from March, to April, 2021. UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients.

THE CBI PDM Household Survey was conducted in Kazakhstan between February, to April, 2021. UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients.

THE CBI PDM Household Survey was conducted in Pakistan in November, 2020. UNCHR Pakistan has always been at the front line of dealing with the Afghan refugee crisis. In the wake of Covid-19 pandemic and its far lasting financial impacts, UNHCR Pakistan has rolled out an Emergency Cash Assistance Program to help refugees meet their basic needs and to mitigate harsh socio-economic impacts in the time of crises and countrywide lockdowns. UNHCR implemented a one-off emergency cash assistance to vulnerable refugee and asylum seeker families to help meet their basic needs including food, rent, and access to essential supplies and services. This large-scale cash distribution required an independent third-party post distribution monitoring (PDM) to confirm whether the beneficiaries have received their entitled cash payment and also to clarify the mode of utilization of cash, whether it has been shared, spent, or saved. UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients.

Uganda currently hosts about 1.2 million refugees spread across twelve settlements in the country with at least 60% of the caseload settled in the West Nile region of the country and having South Sudanese origin. The rest of the refugees come from Rwanda, Burundi, Somalia, DRC and other countries. Most of the refugees particularly from South Sudan are new arrivals. The influxes particularly from South Sudan, Burundi and DRC over the past 3 years currently renders Uganda the biggest host for refugees in Africa. In order to efficiently offer adequate aid to these refugees, more and more humanitarian organizations and international non-governmental organizations have decided to convert in-kind support to cash-based transfers. These transfers are provided to people with special needs, such as pregnant women and the elderly, or to refugees taking part in 'cash for work' programmes (e.g., constructing community rubbish pits, building access roads, working on farms or planting trees). A total of 254 households were identified basing on the following criteria (stratified random sampling); (i) Parents/primary care-givers of children with severe mental disabilities, (ii) Parents/primary care-givers of children with special education needs enrolled in school, (iii) Family head with disability who is the primary care-giver of an orphaned child, (iv) Single-heads of household who are care-givers for children with specific needs, (v) Elderly women/men (above 60 years) who are primary caregivers of children with specific needs, (vi) Care-giver of persons with serious medical conditions.

UNHCR conducts post-distribution monitoring (PDM) on a regular basis for assistance activities in order to deepen its understanding of the impact these activities have on the persons the organization assists and provides protection to. In Ukraine, UNHCR provides individual protection assistance in the following regions: Kyiv, Odesa, Zakarpattya (also covers Lviv) and Kharkiv regions. The UNHCR Cash-Based Interventions (CBI) support only vulnerable refugees and asylum-seekers. The type of assistance vary depending on the needs and vulnerability of persons of concern. the following types of CBI assistance that were provided to refugees and asylum-seekers by UNHCR and its Partners in Ukraine in 2020: 1. Supplementary assistance and newcomers assistance - Modality: voucher (Metro cards, a supermarket chain that partners with UNHCR) - Available only in Kyiv and Odesa - Description: Distribution of vouchers (Metro cards) for food and non-food items to refugees and asylum-seekers who meet established vulnerability criteria (newcomers, PoCs in need of supplementary food or hygiene due to medical condition). In 2020, 121 families residing in Kyiv and Odesa received voucher assistance at least once. In 2020 UNHCR used Metro Cash&Carry (big supermarket chain) cards in the value of 500 UAH. However, due to COVID-19 quarantine restrictions imposed by the government of Ukraine, UNHCR Ukraine has gradually shifted to provision of these types of assistance through other modalities. This PDM focused only on the cases processed through vouchers. MSA (Monthly Subsistence Allowance) Modality: cash. OTC (over the counter) Available in Kyiv, Odesa, Kharkiv Description: MSA (monthly subsistence allowance) aims to support the most vulnerable persons of concern. It is given based on the strict vulnerability criteria and cases are reviewed every four months at the MSA committee meetings, composed of partner social counselors, SMS and UNHCR. In 2020, 105 vulnerable families were covered by this type of support. The amount of MSA is calculated based on the family size. It is in line with the recommendations of the Cash Working Group on assistance provision at 60% of subsistence level (3 774.62 UAH as of February 2020), which corresponds to MSA amount. Assistance per single person provided by UNHCR amounted to 2 400 UAH per month, proportionally increased depending on the number of household members.

These data were produced from a household survey that was part of the post-distribtion monitoring exercise for a cash-based intervention (CBI) in Dzaleka Refugee Camp, Dowa district of Malawi. The CBI was intended to provide consumption support to extremely poor households who graduated from the livelihoods programme. A cohort graduates from the programme after 18 months of active participation. Participants are selected from extremely poor households who live below the poverty line and often times engaged in negative coping mechanisms to meet their basic needs. The consumption support is meant as a cushion for their basic needs as they continue participating in various livelihoods activities. Consumption support has a time frame of 12 months for each participating cohort. The target groups involve persons of concern (POCs) and host communities. After 12 months, it is assumed that participants have started generating enough income to cushion for their basic needs including further investments through diversification into additional livelihoods activities. Out of the 449 households that received the CBI, 264 were randomly sampled for this post-distrubtion monitoring exercise. The total population in Dzaleka camp is 48,557.

This Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) was initiated by UNHCR’s Sub-Office in Cox’s Bazar to monitor its distribution of cash to refugees as part of a pilot cash programme, as well as to collect the feedback of refugees on the cash distribution itself. It was designed with built-in COVID-19 prevention measures. UNHCR uses Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. Usually the surveys that form the basis of the assessment are conducted soon after the distribution of relief items is completed.

The Rohingya refugee population living in settlements in Cox’s Bazar is dependent on international assistance. Presently, there are limits on how self-sufficient refugees can be, as they have restricted freedom of movement beyond the areas where the settlements are and also have no right to work. In addition, there is insufficient land within their settlements to support subsistence farming. As a result, many refugees are unable to access cash independently to support themselves, and many struggle for the basic necessities not already covered by humanitarian assistance. All current assistance in the form of in-kind distributions and services are free of charge. This includes, for example, food, shelter materials, household items and health services. A number of cash-for-work schemes were designed to support and manage some of the basic services and works in the camps; however, to date, they have not created sufficient income opportunities for refugees or host communities. Likewise, our teams have confirmed that some humanitarian aid items are being sold at local markets. This shows refugees are adopting other, and potentially harmful, coping mechanisms to generate cash for their needs that are not, or not fully, covered by current humanitarian assistance. Negative coping strategies such as food borrowing, reduction in the number of meals and reduced consumption of preferred foods are witnessed across the entire Rohingya refugee population. Between April and May 2018, UNHCR piloted the delivery of unconditional and unrestricted Multipurpose Cash Grants (MPGs) to cover unmet basic needs. This extended to all residents of Camp 5 and Camp 6 in the Kutupalong refugee settlement and was equivalent to approximately half of the monthly Minimum Expenditure Basket (MEB) for a family of five. After completing the delivery of the grants, UNHCR conducted a detailed Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) survey (320 households were interviewed). A Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) survey is a mechanism to collect and understand refugees’ feedback on the assistance provided by humanitarian agencies like UNHCR. PDMs are widely used by UNHCR and help to evaluate the effectiveness of the assistance provided directly by UNHCR or through its partners. A PDM is conducted independently from the distribution exercise itself, but closely following it in time. This PDM was intended to evaluate the adequacy of the cash grant provided as well as patterns in its use. It also sought to identify challenges and constraints experienced, and seek refugees’ feedback on any improvements required to implement similar assistance again in the future. The PDM supports a hypothesis that the current basic in-kind assistance packages provided to refugees are not sufficient to meet all demonstrated needs, with the result that potentially harmful coping mechanisms like selling assistance are employed. The adoption of this cash programme by UNHCR, therefore, seeks to ensure that refugees can address their multiple needs in accordance with their household and personal priorities, including benefits such as greater access to a more diversified diet, better hygiene or shelter improvements.