UNHCR-WFP joint assessment mission (JAM) of Nigerian refugees in the Far North of Cameroon carried out between October 7 and 19, 2021. The objective of the assessment was to collect updated information on basic needs, shelter, food security, nutrition, water and sanitation, education, protection, security, common services, and livelihoods of Nigerian refugees to inform improved humanitarian assistance. This dataset contains data collected from samples of 607 out of approximately 10,000 households hosting 60,000 refugees in the Minawao settlement and 435 from close to 11,000 households hosting 57,000 refugees in host villages in surrounding border areas. The majority of the Nigerian Refugees in this Region fled violence and attacks perpetrated by Non-State Armed Groups (NSAGs) such as Boko-Haram in the Neighboring Nigeria since 2014. The report published in September 2022 reveals interesting findings such as the difference in dependency ratios between the refugees in camps and those living in the host population. Additionally, comparative analysis on indicators such as the Food Consumption Score (FCS) and the reduced Coping Strategy Index (rCSI) between the two (02) groups are conducted and yield some interesting findings.

To ensure the centrality of refugees’ voices in discussions about their future, as well as to inform evidence-based inter-agency responses in support of host Governments, UNHCR is leading the regular implementation of intentions surveys with refugees from Ukraine, collecting primary data on their profiles, their current situation and intentions, and the factors influencing their decision-making. The first regional intentions survey was completed and the report published in July 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94176). This data was collected during the second round, conducted between August and September 2022. The scope was expanded to include not only countries neighbouring Ukraine but other host countries in Europe and beyond. In addition, the second round also includes a deeper analysis of the factors influencing refugees’ decisions, as well as key insights into their current socio-economic situation. The report was published in September 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767). A mixed methodological approach was used, combining different sampling approaches and data collection modes. Over 4,800 refugee households (2,000 from countries neighboring Ukraine and 2,800 from other host countries) were interviewed either through a phone-based survey, web-based survey or face-to-face interview. All surveys used a harmonized questionnaire. This data is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

To ensure the centrality of refugees’ voices in discussions about their future, as well as to inform evidence-based inter-agency responses in support of host Governments, UNHCR is leading the regular implementation of intentions surveys with refugees from Ukraine, collecting primary data on their profiles, their current situation and intentions, and the factors influencing their decision-making. The first, second and third regional intentions surveys were completed and the reports published in July 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94176), September 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767) and February 2023 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99072). This data was collected during the fourth round, conducted between April and May 2023. The survey covered refugees hosted in countries in Europe. A mixed methodological approach was used, combining two data collection modes. Around 3,850 refugee households were interviewed either through a phone-based survey, web-based survey or face-to-face interview. The data include a mix of Fresh refugee households (i.e. not included in previous rounds) and Panel households (i.e. those included in at least one of the previous rounds). All surveys used a harmonized questionnaire. This data is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

To ensure the centrality of refugees’ voices in discussions about their future, as well as to inform evidence-based inter-agency responses in support of host Governments, UNHCR is leading the regular implementation of intentions surveys with refugees from Ukraine, collecting primary data on their profiles, their current situation and intentions, and the factors influencing their decision-making. The first and second regional intentions surveys were completed and the report published in July 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94176) and September 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767). This data was collected during the third round, conducted between December 2022 and January 2023. The survey covered refugees hosted in countries in Europe. In addition, the third round included a longitudinal sample of refugees surveyed in both the second and third rounds. The report was published in Februrary 2023 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99072). A mixed methodological approach was used, combining two data collection modes. Around 3,900 refugee households (2,100 from countries neighboring Ukraine and 1,800 from other host countries) were interviewed either through a phone-based survey, web-based survey or face-to-face interview. A total of 887 households participated in both the second and third round (longitudinal sample). All surveys used a harmonized questionnaire. This data is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

Since the end of the armed conflict in Sri Lanka in May 2009, increasing numbers of Sri Lankans have voluntarily repatriated. Responsive to this demand, UNHCR Sri Lanka in cooperation with UNHCR offices in countries of asylum, in particular in Tamil Nadu, India, continues to facilitate the voluntary repatriation of Sri Lankan refugees. Protection monitoring data of these returnees was collected to allow UNHCR to intervene as appropriate - and improve the protection environment. This data also assist UNHCR staff in countries of asylum to provide better counsel on the challenges and potential risks linked to voluntary repatriation. The survey covers refugee returnees who returned in 2019 and 2020, and was collected by protection and field teams in Jaffna and Colombo. Fieldwork was undertaken in 2021 and 2022, after the easing of the covid-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka.

The UNHCR Results Monitoring Survey (RMS) is a household-level survey for person for and with whom UNHCR works, including refugees and asylum seekers, internally displaced persons, returnees, stateless and others of concern. The objective of the survey is to monitor impact and outcome level indicators on education, healthcare, livelihoods, protection concerns, shelter, and water and sanitation. The results contribute to an evidence base for reporting against UNHCR’s multi-year strategies to key stakeholders. The RMS can be implemented in any operational context. A standard structured questionnaire has been developed for the RMS, which can be conducted as a stand-alone survey or flexibly integrated with other data collection exercises. The questionnaire was adapted to the Kazakhstan context and programme objectives and focused on health, education and employment. The data includes indicators collected at both the household and individual (household-member) level. The survey covered 89 household containing 363 individuals.

UNHCR uses Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees’ feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. UNHCR increasingly uses cash based interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to the people with and for whom UNHCR works. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample of refugee recipients residing across the country. This PDM covers people who receives CBI in Nepal throughout 2022. Feedback on the modality was collected from 351 households in February 2023.

The financial behaviours survey aim to collect general information on financial and digital literacy of refugees and asylum-seekers in Malaysia for the purpose of understanding their familiarity with and interest in financial and digital services. The survey was administered via phone calls, where respondents were identified through a random sampling of individuals aged 18-59 registered with UNHCR, and have updated their contact numbers with UNHCR in the last 6 months. A majority of respondents are able to confidently make calculations and transact with money without errors. As a result of regulatory challenges, only 35.8% of respondents owned SIM cards registered under their own names. 89% of respondents own a smartphone, with the most frequently used mobile apps being Whatsapp, followed by Facebook, Youtube, imo and TikTok. While respondents seem to understand the value of financial services, only 11% actually own an account at a financial institutions due to regulatory barriers. A majority of respondents also rely on informal services for sending or receiving money either locally (within Malaysia) or internationally. In addition to this, 84.9% reported not having any savings whatsoever, which indicates respondents' limited resilience capacities to withstand sudden shocks or stressors.

Health access and utilization survey (HAUS) is a cross-sectional, household telephone survey designed by the Public Health Section as a tool to determine refugees’ access to, utilization of, and coverage of key health services across different levels of health facilities as well as to identify critical factors and challenges faced by refugees that may affect health access in a timely manner. UNHCR Malaysia conducted the survey in December 2022 with the help of 23 enumerators and successfully collected data from 718 households comprising of 1,760 individuals. Informed consent was obtained prior to the start of the interview. The average age of the respondents was 34 years (SD = 9 years). Majority of the households were male-headed (87%), married (55%), currently in some form of employment (83%) and originated from Myanmar (74%). Among the head of households, knowledge of available health services were lacking with a third of them (30.8%) unaware of subsidized care at government health facilities for UNHCR document holders while more than half of them were unaware of the availability of hospitalization assistance as provided by IMARET. Nevertheless, most households were able to access health care when needed (93%) although affordability remained a major barrier. The average amount paid by households for primary health services was MYR164 while hospitalization care could cost as much as MYR5,197 on average. In terms of childhood vaccination, 78% children under 5 were able to receive measles or MMR vaccination mainly from government health facilities. However, it is worth noting that the finding did not indicate whether the children had completed the required doses for MMR. Access to reproductive health services remain challenging with slightly more than half of pregnant women faced difficulties accessing antenatal care due to financial barrier. The average cost of delivery care paid by the respondents was MYR3,600. In terms of family planning, only 45.1% received family planning counselling or services post-delivery. Non-communicable diseases were emerging as another health concern affecting as many as 10% of the total households. The top three most common NCD were hypertension, diabetes mellitus and musculo-skeletal diseases. As a result of inclusive national COVID-19 vaccination programme, refugees benefitted from the initiative with 92.6% completing the required doses and 74.6% receiving a booster dose. In summary, findings from this survey indicated the need to strengthen health awareness and information dissemination among refugees while sustainable health financing will help to ease the financial barrier faced by most refugees in need of health services. Advocacy for inclusion in the national health programming in key areas namely communicable and non-communicable diseases, childhood immunization, safe motherhood and family planning will help to promote better health outcomes for refugees.

The Multi Cluster Needs Assessment (MCNA) is an iterative cluster-led program and the primary multi-cluster nationwide needs assessment in Iraq. It provides a quantitative evidence base for humanitarian decision makers with the purpose of informing planning, sector prioritization and target group identification. The MCNA seeks to understand multi-sectoral household conditions and priority needs of conflict-affected populations living in Iraq and to provide insights that allow aid sectors to understand geographic differences in humanitarian conditions and needs, as well as to identify gaps and opportunities for the provision of humanitarian assistance across Iraq. The MCNA allows for in-depth nation-wide analysis, enabling the identification of mid to long-term trends and shifting needs over time. The findings from this assessment provide a comprehensive overview of multi-sectoral household needs and priorities to inform the humanitarian response and strategic programming in Iraq.

IMPACT, in collaboration with UNHCR, conducted a sixth round of the Multi-Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA) of refugees in Iraq who live in and out of formal camps. The aim of the MSNA 2021 is to provide a household-level analysis of sector-specific needs and vulnerabilities of Syrian refugee and host community households. The MSNA 2021 sampling consists of samples of Syrian refugees in KR-I (where most Syrian refugees live), but also Anbar, Baghdad, Kirkuk and Ninewa (referred to as Centre-South, where most Syrian refugee households outside of KRI live), as well as host community households in KR-I given the high concentration of Syrian refugees in KR-I. Host communities were sampled to offer comparison and to include host communities in 3RP planning on the basis of identified needs and vulnerabilities by the MSNA. This assessment and its findings aim to support the prioritization across and within different sectors and is to be used as a basis for developing the 3RP Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) 2022 This research sought to respond to the information need on multi-sectoral needs, movement intentions and the impact of COVID-19 on refugees’ lives, thus assisting humanitarian actors in organizing their response to protracted displacement of Syrian refugees across Iraq in the time of COVID-19.

The Multi Cluster Needs Assessment (MCNA) is an iterative cluster-led program and the primary multi-cluster nationwide needs assessment in Iraq. It provides a quantitative evidence base for humanitarian decision makers with the purpose of informing planning, sector prioritization and target group identification. The MCNA seeks to understand multi-sectoral household conditions and priority needs of conflict-affected populations living in Iraq and to provide insights that allow aid sectors to understand geographic differences in humanitarian conditions and needs, as well as to identify gaps and opportunities for the provision of humanitarian assistance across Iraq. The MCNA allows for in-depth nation-wide analysis, enabling the identification of mid to long-term trends and shifting needs over time. The findings from this assessment provide a comprehensive overview of multi-sectoral household needs and priorities to inform the humanitarian response and strategic programming in Iraq.

The Multi Cluster Needs Assessment (MCNA) is an iterative cluster-led program and the primary multi-cluster nationwide needs assessment in Iraq. It provides a quantitative evidence base for humanitarian decision makers with the purpose of informing planning, sector prioritization and target group identification. The MCNA seeks to understand multi-sectoral household conditions and priority needs of conflict-affected populations living in Iraq and to provide insights that allow aid sectors to understand geographic differences in humanitarian conditions and needs, as well as to identify gaps and opportunities for the provision of humanitarian assistance across Iraq. The MCNA allows for in-depth nation-wide analysis, enabling the identification of mid to long-term trends and shifting needs over time. The findings from this assessment provide a comprehensive overview of multi-sectoral household needs and priorities to inform the humanitarian response and strategic programming in Iraq.

The Multi Cluster Needs Assessment (MCNA) is an iterative cluster-led program and the primary multi-cluster nationwide needs assessment in Iraq. It provides a quantitative evidence base for humanitarian decision makers with the purpose of informing planning, sector prioritization and target group identification. The MCNA seeks to understand multi-sectoral household conditions and priority needs of conflict-affected populations living in Iraq and to provide insights that allow aid sectors to understand geographic differences in humanitarian conditions and needs, as well as to identify gaps and opportunities for the provision of humanitarian assistance across Iraq. The MCNA allows for in-depth nation-wide analysis, enabling the identification of mid to long-term trends and shifting needs over time. The findings from this assessment provide a comprehensive overview of multi-sectoral household needs and priorities to inform the humanitarian response and strategic programming in Iraq.

The Multi Cluster Needs Assessment (MCNA) is an iterative cluster-led program and the primary multi-cluster nationwide needs assessment in Iraq. It provides a quantitative evidence base for humanitarian decision makers with the purpose of informing planning, sector prioritization and target group identification. The MCNA seeks to understand multi-sectoral household conditions and priority needs of conflict-affected populations living in Iraq and to provide insights that allow aid sectors to understand geographic differences in humanitarian conditions and needs, as well as to identify gaps and opportunities for the provision of humanitarian assistance across Iraq. The MCNA allows for in-depth nation-wide analysis, enabling the identification of mid to long-term trends and shifting needs over time. The findings from this assessment provide a comprehensive overview of multi-sectoral household needs and priorities to inform the humanitarian response and strategic programming in Iraq.

MPACT Initiatives (IMPACT), in collaboration with UNHCR, conducted a fifth round of the Multi-sector Needs Assessment (MSNA V) of refugees in Iraq who live in and out of formal camps, to provide a household-level analysis of sector-specific needs and vulnerabilities. This assessment and its findings aim to support the prioritization of decisions across and within different sectors and is to be used as a basis for developing the 3RP Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan 2021-2022. Further, for humanitarian actors and other partners to appropriately design their assistance and respond to COVID-19, information on the impact of the virus on refugees’ lives and livelihoods is necessary. By conducting this research, IMPACT, on behalf of UNHCR, sought to fill the information gap on multi-sectoral needs, movement intentions and the impact of COVID-19 on refugees’ lives, thus assisting humanitarian actors in organizing their response to protracted displacement of Syrian, Iranian, Turkish and Palestinian refugees across Iraq in the time of COVID-19.

The Multi Cluster Needs Assessment (MCNA) is an iterative cluster-led program and the primary multi-cluster nationwide needs assessment in Iraq. It provides a quantitative evidence base for humanitarian decision makers with the purpose of informing planning, sector prioritization and target group identification. The MCNA seeks to understand multi-sectoral household conditions and priority needs of conflict-affected populations living in Iraq and to provide insights that allow aid sectors to understand geographic differences in humanitarian conditions and needs, as well as to identify gaps and opportunities for the provision of humanitarian assistance across Iraq. The MCNA allows for in-depth nation-wide analysis, enabling the identification of mid to long-term trends and shifting needs over time. The findings from this assessment provide a comprehensive overview of multi-sectoral household needs and priorities to inform the humanitarian response and strategic programming in Iraq.

The Multi Cluster Needs Assessment (MCNA) is an iterative cluster-led program and the primary multi-cluster nationwide needs assessment in Iraq. It provides a quantitative evidence base for humanitarian decision makers with the purpose of informing planning, sector prioritization and target group identification. The MCNA seeks to understand multi-sectoral household conditions and priority needs of conflict-affected populations living in Iraq and to provide insights that allow aid sectors to understand geographic differences in humanitarian conditions and needs, as well as to identify gaps and opportunities for the provision of humanitarian assistance across Iraq. The MCNA allows for in-depth nation-wide analysis, enabling the identification of mid to long-term trends and shifting needs over time. The findings from this assessment provide a comprehensive overview of multi-sectoral household needs and priorities to inform the humanitarian response and strategic programming in Iraq.

Eleven years into the Syrian conflict, Lebanon ranks the highest in per capita population of refugees in the world, with over 1.5 million displaced Syrians within its borders. Specifically, the Syrian refugee population in Lebanon remains one of the largest concentrations of refugees per capita in the world. A series of overlapping political, economic and social crises in Lebanon has underpinned the vastly growing level of need across populations in the country. On the macroeconomic front, at the beginning of July 2022 the World Bank downgraded Lebanon to a lower-middle-income country for the first time in 27 years, after Lebanon’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) had decreased from $55 billion in 2018 to $20.5 billion in 2021.1 The Lebanese lira has continued to lose value in 2022, reaching exchange rates close to LBP 43,000 to the United States dollar in the informal market in December 2022. The country depends heavily on imports, paid for in dollars; fluctuations in exchange rates thus have significant impacts on the prices of goods and services in the country. Inflation is still on the rise: between October 2019 and the time of data collection in June 2022 the Consumer Price Index, which measures the average change of prices over time, rose by 1,066 per cent. In addition to these factors, the COVID-19 and more recent Cholera outbreaks have stretched the country’s health sector and resources to breaking point. As a result, Lebanon’s financial and humanitarian situation ranks among the most severe crises in the world today. The 2022 Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon (VASyR) is the tenth annual representative survey assessing the situation of Syrian refugees in Lebanon, with the aim to identify changes and trends in their vulnerabilities. Since its first round of data collection and assessment, the VASyR has become an essential tool for planning, shaping decision-making and the design of needs-based programmes. The results of the VASyR are used by the 10 sectors in partnership under the Lebanon Crisis Response Plan (LCRP), in order to understand the situational changes in Lebanon and advocate for funding. The VASyR has also been used to build targeting models, for instance to predict socioeconomic vulnerability and allocate assistance accordingly. Furthermore, the results of the VASyR reveal the geographical differences in vulnerabilities at governorate and district levels, which then feed into the situation analysis.

The Vulnerability Assessment Tool (VAT) started in the mid of 2018 until the outbreak of COVID-19, March 2020. Both camp and urban refugee population were targeted using a different mechanism for each. The program included multiple objectives and among them, was an immediate focus and prioritization of the food security assessment: this led to programmatic recommendations on processes and criteria for targeting the most vulnerable and food insecure. Another crucial aim behind this exercise was a medium-term focus on multi-sectoral vulnerability in terms of food security, shelter, health, education, and specific needs: this also resulted in programmatic recommendations on processes and criteria for targeting the most vulnerable in each sector, including a cross-sectoral comparison.

The main objective of the Socio-Economic Vulnerability Assessment Tool (SEVAT)​ is to provide the basis of a revision of UNHCR’s refugee vulnerability targeting model, focusing on socio-economic vulnerability indicators among refugee households living in Iraq. The data collected includes household-level demographic and socio-economic information related to basic well-being and needs among refugee households, with the purpose of facilitating the identification of vulnerabilities among refugee households in camp vs. out-of-camp settings, and geographic areas for assistance targeting.

UNHCR conducts Protection Monitoring with partners to analyze trends in the protection environment and situation of refugees in all regions of Lebanon on an ongoing basis. With the outbreak of COVID-19 in Lebanon and the introduction of movement and other restrictions aimed at preventing and containing the spread of the virus, UNHCR and its Protection Monitoring partners Caritas, Intersos and Sheild developed a specific questionnaire to elicit feedback from refugees on the impact of the COVID-19 response on their protection and well-being. The feedback from refugees is used to inform advocacy and programmatic interventions and modes of implementation with the aim of improving refugees' access to protection and essential services, assistance and information.

The Integrated Household Survey (IHS) is one of the primary instruments implemented by the Government of Malawi through the National Statistical Office (NSO; http://www.nsomalawi.mw/) to monitor and evaluate the changing conditions of Malawian households. The IHS data have, among other insights, provided benchmark poverty and vulnerability indicators to foster evidence-based policy formulation and monitor the progress of meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as the goals listed as part of the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS). Previous rounds of the IHS program have been implemented every 6-7 years, but starting with the IHS4 2016/17 round of data collection, the upcoming IHS rounds will be fielded every 3 years as in line with the NSO vision of collecting poverty data on a more frequent basis. Official website Microdata

The Multi Cluster Needs Assessment (MCNA) is an iterative cluster-led program and the primary multi-cluster nationwide needs assessment in Iraq. It provides a quantitative evidence base for humanitarian decision makers with the purpose of informing planning, sector prioritization and target group identification. The MCNA seeks to understand multi-sectoral household conditions and priority needs of conflict-affected populations living in Iraq and to provide insights that allow aid sectors to understand geographic differences in humanitarian conditions and needs, as well as to identify gaps and opportunities for the provision of humanitarian assistance across Iraq. The MCNA allows for in-depth nation-wide analysis, enabling the identification of mid to long-term trends and shifting needs over time. The findings from this assessment provide a comprehensive overview of multi-sectoral household needs and priorities to inform the humanitarian response and strategic programming in Iraq.

IMPACT, in collaboration with UNHCR, conducted a fourth-round Multi Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA IV) of Syrian, Iranian, and Turkish refugees to provide a household-level analysis of sector-specific needs and vulnerabilities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KR-I). Building on the findings of previous MSNA, this study assessed any continued vulnerabilities. This assessment and its findings aimed to inform the development of the Regional Refugee & Resilience Plan (3RP) 2019-2020, as well as relevant programming within the different sectors.