Health systems Indicators for Kingdom of Eswatini
Health systems: Median availability of selected generic medicines (%) - Public, Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines - Public, Median availability of selected generic medicines (%) - Private, Antenatal care coverage - at least one visit (%), Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines - Private, Antenatal care coverage - at least four visits (%), Donor commitments (Million, constant 2009 US$), Commitments to recipient countries (Million, constant 2009 US$), Donor disbursements (Million, constant 2009 US$), Disbursements to recipient countries (Million, constant 2009 US$), Number of nursing personnel, Number of physicians, Number of midwifery personnel, Number of pharmacists, Number of pharmaceutical technicians/assistants, Number of community health workers, 2018, Number of traditional birth attendants, Number of radiographers, Number of other health workers, 2013, Number of dental technicians/assistants, Number of health management & support workers, Number of environment and public health workers (see HWF_0017) (void HRH), Number of laboratory scientists, Number of laboratory technicians/assistants, Number of dentists, Number of traditional medicine practitioners, Number of medical assistants, Number of personal care workers, Number of pharmaceutical personnel (see HWF_0015) (void HRH), Number of laboratory health workers, Number of dentistry personnel (see HWF_0011) (void HRH_21), Number of community and traditional health workers, Number of other health workers, 2018, Number of nursing and midwifery personnel (see HWF_0007) (void HRH), Pharmaceutical personnel density (per 1000 population), Physicians density (per 1000 population), Laboratory health workers density (per 1000 population), Dentistry personnel density (per 1000 population), Community and traditional health workers density (per 1000 population), Other health workers density (per 1000 population), Environmental and public health workers density (per 1000 population), Health management & support workers density (per 1000 population), Nursing and midwifery personnel density (per 1000 population), Radiotherapy units (per 1 000 000 population), Antenatal care coverage - at least one visit, among girls aged 15-19 (%), Total Pharmaceutical Expenditure (millions US$), Total Pharmaceutical Expenditure per capita (US$)rate), Share of Total Pharmaceutical Expenditure in Total Health Expenditure (%), Share of Public Pharmaceutical Expenditure in Total Pharmaceutical Expenditure (%), Public Pharmaceutical Expenditure per capita (US$), Density of pharmacists (per 10 000 population), Presence of National Medicines Policy, Presence of National Medicines Policy implementation plan, Right of access to essential medicines, Existence of formal Medicines Regulatory Authority, Website of the formal Medicines Regulatory Authority, Market Authorization for all pharmaceutical products required, Registration Fee pharmaceutical containing New Chemical Entity, Registration Fee generic pharmaceutical product, Inspectors are allowed to inspect premises where pharmaceutical activities are performed, Pharmaceutical manufacturers must comply with Good Manufacturing Practices, Licensing private pharmacies obligatory, National Quality Control Laboratory exists, Legal provisions control promoting and advertising of prescription medicine, Ban on Direct to Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising, Legal provisions exist requiring authorization for conducting Clinical Trials by the MRA, Annual consumption of Morphine (mg/capita), National pharmacovigilance centre linked to the MRA exists, Children <5 years receive free medicines, Pregnant women receive free medicines, All medicines included in the EML, Social (health) fund is providing at least partial medicine coverage, System in place to monitor prices of medicines, Duties on imported active pharmaceutical ingredients, Duties on imported finished pharmaceutical products, Value Added Tax is levied on finished pharmaceuticals products, Public sector tender awards are publicly available, Availability of key medicines at the Central Medical Store in percentage (%), National Essential Medicine List exists, Standard Treatment Guidelines for common illnesses are made by Ministry of Health, National Standard Treatment Guidelines specific to paediatric conditions exist, National Medicines Information Center provides information on medicines, Existence of National strategy to contain antimicrobial resistance, Public sector, Private sector, Substitution of generic equivalents at the point of dispensing in public sector facilities is allowed, Substitution of generic equivalents at the point of dispensing in private sector facilities is allowed, For the pharmaceutical sector, Number of registered pharmaceutical products, Number of reports submitted in the last two year by the pharmacovigilance centre, Market share of domestic manufacturers (%), Market share of generic pharmaceuticals by value (%), Basis for NHA estimate, Population, Life Expectancy M, Life Expectancy F, Under 5 Mortality, Infant mortality, GDP, Gross domestic product per capita, NCD mortality rate, CVD and Diabetes mortality rate, Cancer mortality rate, TB mortality rate, Malaria mortality rate, HIV mortality rate, THE, THE per capita, Public Health Expenditure, Public Health Expenditure per capita, Public Health Expenditure as a % of Government Expenditure, Public Health Expenditure of a % of THE, Private Health Expenditure % of THE, OOP as a % of Private Health Expenditure, Premiums for private health plans as a % of private health expenditure, Population covered by private health insurance, Population covered by a public health service orr insurance plan, Total pharmaceutical expenditure, Share of total pharmaceutical expenditure in total health expenditure (%), Share of total pharmaceutical expenditure in gross domestic product (%), Total pharmaceutical expenditure per capita, Share of public pharmaceutical expenditures in total pharmaceutical expenditures (US$), Private TPE, Market share of generic pharmaceuticals by value (%), Pharmacists, Density of pharmacist (per 10.000), Presence of National Health Policy, NHP Implementation plan exists, Presence of national medicines policy, Presence of national medicines policy implementation plan, Pharmaceutical policy implementation is regularly monitored, Presence of National Clinical Laboratory Policy, NCLP implementation plan exists, Right of access to essential medicines, Presence of national good governance policy, Official guidelines on medicine donations exist, Policy to manage conflict of interest issues, Formal code of conduct for public officials, Whistle Blowing mechanism, Legal provision for granting patents on: Pharmaceuticals, Legal provision for granting patents on: Laboratory Supplies, Legal provision for granting patents on: Medical Supplies, Legal provision for granting patents on: Medical Equipment, TRIPS legislated through national legislation, Trasitional period eligibility, Compulsory Licensing, Bolar exemption, Parallel importing, Legal provisions related to: Data exclusivity, Legal provisions related to: Patent Extension, Legal provisions for the linkage between patent status and market authorization, Number of licensed pharmaceutical manufacturers, Manufacturing capacity: R&D new API, Manufacturing capacity: Production API, Manufacturing capacity: Production formulations, Manufacturing capacity: Repackaging of finished dose forms, Market share of domestic manufacturers by value (%), Market share of domestic manufactures by volume (%), Legal provisions for establishing MRA, Formal medicines regulatory authority exists, MRA part of MoH, MRA semi-autonomous, Medicines regulatory authority has it own website, MRA receives external technical assistance, MRA involved in harmonization / collaboration activities, Assessment of medicines regulatory system conducted in last 5 years, RA uses computerized information management system, Function of MRA: Market Authorization, Function of MRA: Inspection, Function of MRA: Import Control, Function of MRA: Licensing, Function of MRA: Market control, Function of MRA: Quality control, Function of MRA: Advertising, Function of MRA: Clinical trials, Function of MRA: Pharmacovigilance, Funding of MRA: Government, Funding of MRA: Fees for service, Funding of MRA: Other funding, Funding of MRA: Revenues derived from RA kept in RA, Market authorization for all pharmaceutical products is required, Mechnaisms for exceptions / waiver of registration, Mutual recognition, Public transparency of criteria for MA application assessment, WHO prequalification programme information used for product registration, Number of registered pharmaceuticals, List of pharmaceuticals with defined periodicity required to be publicly available, Medicines registration includes INN, Fee required for Marketing Authorization applications, Fee for pharmaceuticals containing new chemical entity, Registration fee generic pharmaceutical product, Legal provisions for the appointment of government pharmaceutical officials, Inspectors are allowed to inspect premises where pharmaceutical activities are performed, Inspection a pre-requisite for licensing of: Public, Inspection a pre-requisite for licensing of: Private, Inspection requirements the same for public and private facilities, Local manufacturers - GMP compliance, Private Wholesalers, Retail distributors, Public pharmacies and stores, Pharmacies and dispensing points of health facilities, Authorization to import medicines required, Sampling of imported products for testing permitted, Importation of medicines through authorized ports of entry, Inspection of pharmaceutical products at authorized ports of entry permitted, Pharmaceutical manufacturers must comply good manufacturing practices, Licensing required for: Manufacturers, Licensing required for: Importers, Licensing required for: Wholesalers, Licensing private pharmacies obligatory, Licensing required for: public pharmacies, Wholesalers and distributors to comply with Good Distribution Practices, Pharmacists to be registered, Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) published, National Good Distribution Practice requirements published, National Good Pharmacy Practice Guidelines published, List of all licensed pharmaceutical facilities (publication legally required), Legislation supports Pharmaceutical market regulation, Quality control testing laboratory is available, Quality control laboratory is part of medication regulatory authority, Testing services contracted out by regulatory authority, For quality monitoring in public sector (pharmacy stores and health facilities), For quality monitoring in private sector (retail outlets), When there are complaints / problems, For product registration, For public procurement prequalification, For public program products prior to acceptance and/or distribution, Number of quality control samples tested in past two years, Number of samples that failed the testing in two years, Legal provisions control promoting and advertising of prescription medicine, Ban on direct to consumer pharmaceutical advertising, Pre-approval for medicines advertisements and promotional materials required, Guidelines for advertising and promotion of non-prescription medicines, Code of conduct for advertising by MA holders exists and is publicly available, Code of conduct applies to: Both, Voluntary adherence to code, Code contains formal process for complaints and sanctions, Up to date list of complaints and sanctions publicly available, Legal provisions exist requiring authorization for conducting clinical trials by the medical regulatory authority, Clinical Trials require ethics committee/institutional review board approval, Registration of clinical trials in international/national/regional registry, Single convention on narcotic drugs, 1961, The 1972 protocol amending the single convention on narcotic drugs, 1961, Convention on psychotropic substances, 1971, United nations convention against the illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, 1988, Laws for the control of narcotic and psychotropic substances, and precursors exist, Annual morphine consumption (mg/capita), PV activities legally established within MRA mandate, MA holders required to continuously monitor safety of products and report to MRA, Legal provisions for monitoring of ADR exist, National pharmacovigilance center linked to the medicines regulatory authority, Number of reports submitted in the last two years by the national pharmacovigilance center, NPC publishes ADR bulletin, No. of ADRs on database, Number of reports of adverse drug reactions submitted in the last two years by the national pharmacovigilance center, No. of ADRs submitted to Uppsala database, Patients who cannot afford them received free medicines, Children under 5 receive free medicines, Pregnant women receive free medicines, Elderly received free medicines, All essential medicines are free, Free medicines for any non communicable diseases, Free medicines for Malaria, Free medicines for TB, Free medicines for STD, Free medicines for HIV, Free vaccines for EPI, National or social health insurance providing at least partial medicines coverage, Providing medicines that are on the Essential Medicines List for inpatients, Providing medicines that are on the Essential Medicines List for outpatients, Private health insurance schemes provide medicines coverage, Private health insurance provides coverage for medicines which are on the EML, Co-payments/ fee requirements for consultations, Co-payments/ fee requirements for medicines, Medicine pricing regulations, Pricing provisions aimed at: Manufacturers, Pricing provisions aimed at: Wholesalers, Pricing provisions aimed at: Retailers, Duties on active pharmaceutical ingredients, Duties on finished pharmaceutical products, Value added taxes on pharmaceutical products, Duty rate on active pharmaceutical ingredients, Duty rate on finished pharmaceutical products, Value added taxes rate, Revenues from fees used to pay salaries of health workers, Public sector procurement is decentralized, Public sector procurement is decentralized and centralized, Public sector procurement is the reponsibility of procurement agency that is part of MOH, Public sector procurement is the reponsibility of procurement agency that is semi autonomous, Public sector procurement is the reponsibility of procurement agency that is autonomous, A government procurement agency procures all public goods, Public sector requests for tender documents are publicly available, Public sector awards are publicly available, Procurement is based on prequalification of suppliers, The government supply system department has a central medical store, There are national guidelines on Good Distribution Practices, There is a licensing authority that issues GDP licenses, The licensing authority accredits public distribution facilities, A list of GDP certified warehouses in the public sector exists, A list of GDP certified distributors in the public sector exists, Availability of key medicines at the central medical store, Legal provisions exist for licensing wholesales in private sector, Legal provisions exist for licensing distributors in private sector, A list of GDP certified wholsesalers in the private sector exists, A list of GDP certified distributors in the private sector exists, Core medical training includes: concept of EML, Core medical training includes: Use for STGS, Core medical training includes: Pharmacovigilance, Core medical training includes: Problem based pharmacotherapy, Mandatory continuing education that includes pharmaceutical issues is required for doctors, Mandatory continuing education that includes pharmaceutical issues is required for nurses, Mandatory continuing education that includes pharmaceutical issues is required for paramedical staff, Public sector generic prescribing is obligatory, Private sector generic prescribing is obligatory, Core pharmacist training includes: EML, Core pharmacist training includes: Use of STG, Core pharmacist training includes: drug information, Core pharmacist training includes: clinical pharmacology, Core pharmacist training includes: medicines supply management, Generic substitution permitted in public sector, Generic substitution permitted in private sector, Antibiotics are sometimes sold OTC without prescription, Injectables are sometimes sold OTC without prescription, National medicines information center exists, Public education campaigns on rational medicine use topics have been conducted in previous two years, A survey on rational medicine use has been conducted in the previous two years, A national committee exists to monitor and promote rational use of medicines, National strategy to contain antimicrobial resistance exists, Existence of a funded national intersectoral taskforce to coordinate the promotion of appropriate use of antimicrobials, A national reference lab has responsibility for coordinating epidemiological surveillance of AMR, Legal provisions exist to govern the licensing and prescribing practices of prescriber, Legal provisions exist to restrict dispensing by prescribers, Prescribers in the private sector dispense medicine, Regulations require hospitals to organize/develop DTCs, More than half of referral hospital have a DTC, More than half of general hospitals have a DTC, More than half of regions/provinces have a DTC, Average number of medicines prescribed per patient contact in public health facilities, Percentage of medicines in outpatient public health care facilities that are prescribed by INN name, Percentage of patients in outpatient public health care facilities receiving antibiotics, Percentage of patients in outpatient public health care facilities receiving injections, Percentage of medicines adequately labelled in public health facilities, Diarrhoea in children treated with ORS, Nurses sometimes prescribe prescription-only medicines, Pharmacists sometimes prescribe prescription-only medicines, Paramedics sometimes prescribe prescription-only medicines, Personnel with less than one month training sometimes prescribe prescription-only medicines, Legal provisions exist to govern dispensing practices of pharmaceutical personnel, Number of medicines on essential medicines list, Written process for selecting medicines on the EML, Written process is publicly available, Mechanism to align EML and STG, Standard treatment guidelines for common illnesses produced by the ministry of health, STG specific to primary care exists, STG specific to secondary care exists, National standard treatment guidelines for children, % of public health facilities with copy EML (mean), % of public health facilities with copy STG (mean), EML includes formulations specific for children, There are explicitly documented criteria for the selection of medicines on the EML, There is a formal committee for the selection of products on the EML, Conflict of interest declarations are required from members of national EML committee, National medicines formulary exists, % of medicines prescribed in outpatient public health care facilities that are on the EML, Mandatory continuing education that includes rational use of medicines is required for pharmacists, Share of public pharmaceutical expenditures in total pharmaceutical expenditures (%), AMR strategy has been updated in 2010 or later, Essential medicines list exists, General government expenditure on health as percentage of gross domestic product, Out-of-Pocket expenditure on health as percentage of total health expenditure??, Prepaid plans as percentage of total health expenditure?, Biomedical engineers density (per 10 000 population), Number of licensed qualified surgeons actively working, Number of licensed qualified obstetricians actively working, Number of licensed qualified anaesthesiologists actively working, Number of biomedical engineers, Biomedical technicians density (per 10 000 population), Number of biomedical technicians