During the course of 2020, Indonesia's economy was severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. UNHCR expanded their existing cash programme and provided several Cash-Based Interventions (CBI) as part of the COVID-19 emergency response 5,823 refugees were supported with cash assistance in three rounds during the last six months of 2020. The CBI Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) was conducted in December 2020 to assess the outcomes of the intervention. UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering , offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line wassistanceith UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients.
The COVID-19 Socioeconomic-/Cash-Based Intervention Post-Distribution Monitoring (CBI PDM) was conducted in September 2021 to assess the needs of the refugees in Eastern Nepal and Kathmandu. The survey consists of two parts. The first part of the survey measures the impact of COVID-19 on refugees' knowledge, behavior and health as well as refugees' economic livelihoods and the second part monitors the latest cash assistance programme. As a response to COVID-19, UNHCR has since the start of the pandemic launched multiple new cash grants and expanded existing programs. UNHCR's cash assistance complements governments' efforts by contributing with an additional safety net for vulnerable refugees and others left behind. Also during the course of 2021, UNHCR has continued to support the COVID-19 emergency response with cash assistance. UNHCR uses PDM as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of the recipients.
The main purpose of this assessment is to present an overview of the situation and the priority needs of older persons on the move in Latin America, with a focus on some countries in the Andean region and the northern part of Central America. The assessment also includes the impact and worsening of older persons access to and exercise of their rights and services, under the current situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, this assessment will provide data and evidence for decision-making, public-policy design, and the implementation of programmes that promote the rights of older persons on the move throughout the region and during the entire displacement cycle.
The participants of this phone interview were identified using mixed methods. Stratified random sampling were adopted for Persons of Concern (POC) to UNHCR based in Kakuma, Kalobeyei, Dadaab and Urban areas. While a census were used for all PoCs who were 18+ years amongst the Shona community; this cohort forms 48.6% of the enumerated population of the Shona people. The survey was conducted at two levels; household and individual.
THE CBI PDM Household Survey was conducted in Malaysia between December, to January, 2021. In Malaysia, refugees live in a very challenging environment with limited rights to health, education and work. As the Malaysian government does not provide refugees with any monetary support, refugees depend on low-income work to provide for their families and for themselves. As there are approximately 150,000 refugees in Malaysia, the CBI program is targeted to the most vulnerable groups, with a household income below the national poverty line, women and girls at risk, children and adolescents at risk and persons with serious medical conditions. Assistance to refugees who have been detained and have not managed to earn sufficient funds during their sentence is also provided.
UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients.
THE CBI Covid PDM Household Survey was conducted in Nepal from November, 2020 to February, 2021. In Nepal, UNHCR has supported the Covid-19 response in multiple sectors in 2020, such as Cash-Based Interventions. One of the main findings of the survey was that almost a third of the households answered that they were currently not able to meet basic needs of the households, even though alll of them had benefitted from interventions earlier.
UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients.
THE CBI PDM Household Survey was conducted in Kazakhstan between February, to April, 2021. UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients.
THE CBI PDM Household Survey was conducted in Tajikistan between February, to April, 2021. Tajikistan hosts the largest number of refugees in Central Asia, predominantly from neighbouring Afghanistan. While some progress has been achieved in areas such as access to health and education for refugees, livelihoods and self-reliance, though, continue to pose a challenge. As the result of Covid-19, refugees faced a myriad of challenges, including the loss of daily incomes and livelihoods to cover basic needs such as rent, food and health care. For refugees in Tajikistan, who largely rely on daily work, the impact of Covid 19 has been devastating as it has led to widespread unemployment. As a response measure, UNHCR jointly with its NGO partner provided Covid-19 cash assistance to 414 refugee households over the course of six months (July-December 2020). The results from this survey suggest that cash assistance provided as an immediate measure to support vulnerable refugee households during the Covid-19 pandemic has had a positive impact on the lives of the respondents. Cash assistance predominantly has been spent to cover food, medicines and rent costs.
UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients.
THE CBI PDM Household Survey was conducted in Kyrgyzstan between February, to April, 2021. In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic and its far lasting financial impacts, UNHCR Kyrgyzstan has rolled out an Emergency Cash Assistance Program to help refugees meet their basic needs and to mitigate harsh socio-economic impacts in the time of crisis and countrywide lockdowns. The CBI was rolled out in two rounds to all refugee and asylum seeker households to help meet their basic needs including food, rent, and access to essential supplies and services during Covid-19 restrictions.
UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients.
THE CBI PDM Household Survey was conducted in Pakistan in November, 2020. UNCHR Pakistan has always been at the front line of dealing with the Afghan refugee crisis. In the wake of Covid-19 pandemic and its far lasting financial impacts, UNHCR Pakistan has rolled out an Emergency Cash Assistance Program to help refugees meet their basic needs and to mitigate harsh socio-economic impacts in the time of crises and countrywide lockdowns. UNHCR implemented a one-off emergency cash assistance to vulnerable refugee and asylum seeker families to help meet their basic needs including food, rent, and access to essential supplies and services. This large-scale cash distribution required an independent third-party post distribution monitoring (PDM) to confirm whether the beneficiaries have received their entitled cash payment and also to clarify the mode of utilization of cash, whether it has been shared, spent, or saved.
UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients.
THE CBI PDM Household Survey was conducted in Sri Lanka from March, to April, 2021. UNHCR uses Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) as a mechanism to collect refugees' feedback on the quality, sufficiency, utilization and effectiveness of the assistance items they receive. The underlying principle behind the process is linked to accountability, as well as a commitment to improve the quality and relevance of support provided, and related services. UNHCR increasingly uses Cash-Based Interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice to forcibly displaced and stateless persons in line with UNHCR's core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended programme objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring with a sample or all of refugee recipients.
UNHCR Serbia CBI project provides targeted financial assistance to UNHCR's Population of concern (PoC) with monthly cash grants, with a view to address the most acute material needs of refugees and asylum seekers in private accommodation. The overall objective of the project is to ensure that PoC have sufficient basic and domestic items, through the delivery of monthly cash assistance meant to cover expenses helping them to settle and stabilize their life upon displacement. This assistance aims to support a longer-term self-reliance with a view to reduce vulnerability, including prevention of high-risk behaviour (survival sex, child labour…). Besides the regular monthly payments, the project covers for emergency needs as one-time cash payment. UNHCR provides CBI to the most vulnerable asylum seekers and refugees, through direct implementation. Current CBI SOPs were endorsed at the beginning of 2019. The CBI Committee, consisting of representatives of Durable Solutions, Protection and Programme Units decides on allocation, extension or withdrawal of cash assistance to each beneficiary.
CBI is meant to help PoCs address their basic needs, including alternatives to camps. The SCRM provides rental subsidy to persons granted international protection, during the first year upon recognition of their status. After that period, and if there are gaps in allocation, UNHCR provides CBI. As opposed to SCRM, UNHCR can also provide CBI to asylum seekers in private accommodation. In July, UNHCR 47 HH/89 persons received CBI. Half of these households started receiving CBI due to loss of jobs during the COVID-19 crisis.
Uganda currently hosts about 1.2 million refugees spread across twelve settlements in the country with at least 60% of the caseload settled in the West Nile region of the country and having South Sudanese origin. The rest of the refugees come from Rwanda, Burundi, Somalia, DRC and other countries. Most of the refugees particularly from South Sudan are new arrivals. The influxes particularly from South Sudan, Burundi and DRC over the past 3 years currently renders Uganda the biggest host for refugees in Africa.
In order to efficiently offer adequate aid to these refugees, more and more humanitarian organizations and international non-governmental organizations have decided to convert in-kind support to cash-based transfers. These transfers are provided to people with special needs, such as pregnant women and the elderly, or to refugees taking part in 'cash for work' programmes (e.g., constructing community rubbish pits, building access roads, working on farms or planting trees). A total of 254 households were identified basing on the following criteria (stratified random sampling); (i) Parents/primary care-givers of children with severe mental disabilities, (ii) Parents/primary care-givers of children with special education needs enrolled in school, (iii) Family head with disability who is the primary care-giver of an orphaned child, (iv) Single-heads of household who are care-givers for children with specific needs, (v) Elderly women/men (above 60 years) who are primary caregivers of children with specific needs, (vi) Care-giver of persons with serious medical conditions.
UNHCR conducts post-distribution monitoring (PDM) on a regular basis for assistance activities in order to deepen its understanding of the impact these activities have on the persons the organization assists and provides protection to.
In Ukraine, UNHCR provides individual protection assistance in the following regions: Kyiv, Odesa, Zakarpattya (also covers Lviv) and Kharkiv regions. The UNHCR Cash-Based Interventions (CBI) support only vulnerable refugees and asylum-seekers. The type of assistance vary depending on the needs and vulnerability of persons of concern.
the following types of CBI assistance that were provided to refugees and asylum-seekers by UNHCR and its Partners in Ukraine in 2020:
1. Supplementary assistance and newcomers assistance
- Modality: voucher (Metro cards, a supermarket chain that partners with UNHCR)
- Available only in Kyiv and Odesa
- Description: Distribution of vouchers (Metro cards) for food and non-food items to refugees and asylum-seekers who meet established vulnerability criteria (newcomers, PoCs in need of supplementary food or hygiene due to medical condition). In 2020, 121 families residing in Kyiv and Odesa received voucher assistance at least once.
In 2020 UNHCR used Metro Cash&Carry (big supermarket chain) cards in the value of 500 UAH. However, due to COVID-19 quarantine restrictions imposed by the government of Ukraine, UNHCR Ukraine has gradually shifted to provision of these types of assistance through other modalities. This PDM focused only on the cases processed through vouchers.
MSA (Monthly Subsistence Allowance)
Modality: cash. OTC (over the counter)
Available in Kyiv, Odesa, Kharkiv
Description: MSA (monthly subsistence allowance) aims to support the most vulnerable persons of concern. It is given based on the strict vulnerability criteria and cases are reviewed every four months at the MSA committee meetings, composed of partner social counselors, SMS and UNHCR. In 2020, 105 vulnerable families were covered by this type of support.
The amount of MSA is calculated based on the family size. It is in line with the recommendations of the Cash Working Group on assistance provision at 60% of subsistence level (3 774.62 UAH as of February 2020), which corresponds to MSA amount. Assistance per single person provided by UNHCR amounted to 2 400 UAH per month, proportionally increased depending on the number of household members.
Multiple causes for displacement, all too often underpinned by violence and persecution, has led to over 800,000 Central Americans fleeing their homes, beginning in 2013. Year after year, there has been an increase in individuals fleeing. This was marked initially by especially large numbers of unaccompanied children, then joined in around 2018 with dramatic increases in families units fleeing Central America. Families are forced to flee together as violent threats and persecution by criminal groups in communities extend beyond individuals to entire family units.
Given these shifting dynamics in human mobility in these countries, UNHCR and UNICEF, through the Interdisciplinary Development Consultants, CID Gallup, decided to undertake this study with the aim of understanding and giving visibility to the forced displacement of families that flee northern Central America. In addition, the study also seeks to shed light on the current trends, protection risks and factors associated to the forced displacement and migration of unaccompanied and separated children.
For this purpose, Gallup conducted 3,104 surveys, complemented by focus group sessions segmented according to the geography of displacement in the region: country of origin, of transit and of asylum. Additionally, interviews were undertaken with families who were part of large mixed movement "caravans" that left Honduras at the beginning of 2020.
The participants of this phone interview were identified using mixed methods. Stratified random sampling were adopted for PoCs based in Kakuma, Kalobeyei, Dadaab and Urban areas. While a census were used for all PoCs who were 18+ years amongst the Shona community; this cohort forms 48.6% of the enumerated population of the Shona people. The survey was conducted at two levels; household and individual. 1,332 households were reached. The survey consent rate was 51 percent. From these households, 3,529 individuals were selected and interviewed.
The participants of this phone interview were identified using mixed methods. Stratified random sampling were adopted for PoCs based in Kakuma, Kalobeyei, Dadaab and Urban areas. While a census were used for all PoCs who were 18+ years amongst the Shona community; this cohort forms 48.6% of the enumerated population of the Shona people. The survey was conducted at two levels; household and individual. For the second wave, 4390 individuals were included belonging to 1735 households.
The participants of this phone interview were identified using mixed methods. Stratified random sampling were adopted for PoCs based in Kakuma, Kalobeyei, Dadaab and Urban areas. While a census were used for all PoCs who were 18+ years amongst the Shona community; this cohort forms 48.6% of the enumerated population of the Shona people. The survey was conducted at two levels; household and individual.
The participants of this phone interview were identified using mixed methods. Stratified random sampling were adopted for Persons of Concern (POC) to UNHCR based in Kakuma, Kalobeyei, Dadaab and Urban areas. While a census were used for all PoCs who were 18+ years amongst the Shona community; this cohort forms 48.6% of the enumerated population of the Shona people. The survey was conducted at two levels; household and individual.
The UNHCR Livelihoods Monitoring Framework takes a program-based approach to monitoring, with the aim of tracking both outputs and the impact of UNHCR dollars spent on programming (either via partners or through direct implementation).
The process for developing the indicators began in 2015 with a review of existing tools and approaches. Consultations were held with governments, the private sector, field-based staff and civil society partners to devise a set of common, standardized measures rooted in global good practices.
Since 2017, a data collection (survey) has been rolled out globally, and the participating operations conducted a household surveys to a sample of beneficiaries of each livelihoods project implemented by UNHCR and its partner. The dataset consists of baseline and endline data from the same sample beneficiaries, in order to compare before and after the project implementation and thus to measure the impact.
More info is available on the official website: https://lis.unhcr.org
The UNHCR Livelihoods Monitoring Framework takes a program-based approach to monitoring, with the aim of tracking both outputs and the impact of UNHCR dollars spent on programming (either via partners or through direct implementation).
The process for developing the indicators began in 2015 with a review of existing tools and approaches. Consultations were held with governments, the private sector, field-based staff and civil society partners to devise a set of common, standardized measures rooted in global good practices.
Since 2017, a data collection (survey) has been rolled out globally, and the participating operations conducted a household surveys to a sample of beneficiaries of each livelihoods project implemented by UNHCR and its partner. The dataset consists of baseline and endline data from the same sample beneficiaries, in order to compare before and after the project implementation and thus to measure the impact.
More info is available on the official website: https://lis.unhcr.org
The UNHCR Livelihoods Monitoring Framework takes a program-based approach to monitoring, with the aim of tracking both outputs and the impact of UNHCR dollars spent on programming (either via partners or through direct implementation).
The process for developing the indicators began in 2015 with a review of existing tools and approaches. Consultations were held with governments, the private sector, field-based staff and civil society partners to devise a set of common, standardized measures rooted in global good practices.
Since 2017, a data collection (survey) has been rolled out globally, and the participating operations conducted a household surveys to a sample of beneficiaries of each livelihoods project implemented by UNHCR and its partner. The dataset consists of baseline and endline data from the same sample beneficiaries, in order to compare before and after the project implementation and thus to measure the impact.
More info is available on the official website: https://lis.unhcr.org
The UNHCR Livelihoods Monitoring Framework takes a program-based approach to monitoring, with the aim of tracking both outputs and the impact of UNHCR dollars spent on programming (either via partners or through direct implementation).
The process for developing the indicators began in 2015 with a review of existing tools and approaches. Consultations were held with governments, the private sector, field-based staff and civil society partners to devise a set of common, standardized measures rooted in global good practices.
Since 2017, a data collection (survey) has been rolled out globally, and the participating operations conducted a household surveys to a sample of beneficiaries of each livelihoods project implemented by UNHCR and its partner. The dataset consists of baseline and endline data from the same sample beneficiaries, in order to compare before and after the project implementation and thus to measure the impact.
More info is available on the official website: https://lis.unhcr.org
The UNHCR Livelihoods Monitoring Framework takes a program-based approach to monitoring, with the aim of tracking both outputs and the impact of UNHCR dollars spent on programming (either via partners or through direct implementation).
The process for developing the indicators began in 2015 with a review of existing tools and approaches. Consultations were held with governments, the private sector, field-based staff and civil society partners to devise a set of common, standardized measures rooted in global good practices.
Since 2017, a data collection (survey) has been rolled out globally, and the participating operations conducted a household surveys to a sample of beneficiaries of each livelihoods project implemented by UNHCR and its partner. The dataset consists of baseline and endline data from the same sample beneficiaries, in order to compare before and after the project implementation and thus to measure the impact.
More info is available on the official website: https://lis.unhcr.org
The UNHCR Livelihoods Monitoring Framework takes a program-based approach to monitoring, with the aim of tracking both outputs and the impact of UNHCR dollars spent on programming (either via partners or through direct implementation).
The process for developing the indicators began in 2015 with a review of existing tools and approaches. Consultations were held with governments, the private sector, field-based staff and civil society partners to devise a set of common, standardized measures rooted in global good practices.
Since 2017, a data collection (survey) has been rolled out globally, and the participating operations conducted a household surveys to a sample of beneficiaries of each livelihoods project implemented by UNHCR and its partner. The dataset consists of baseline and endline data from the same sample beneficiaries, in order to compare before and after the project implementation and thus to measure the impact.
More info is available on the official website: https://lis.unhcr.org
