This dataset originates from the 2024 Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) survey conducted by UNHCR’s Sub-Office in Cox’s Bazar to evaluate the delivery and impact of cash assistance to Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. The PDM was part of a pilot Cash-Based Interventions (CBI) programme and aimed to gather feedback on the distribution process, usage of received cash, perceived outcomes, and any encountered challenges or protection risks. The survey targeted refugee households in both Cox’s Bazar and Bhasan Char and was conducted between June and July 2024. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The findings support programme accountability, inform operational improvements, and guide evidence-based decision-making in humanitarian cash assistance programming.

Since August 2017, the arrival of Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar District has significantly increased the refugee population in Bangladesh. One of the ongoing challenges in this protracted crisis is ensuring access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services that meet minimum sector standards. As the response shifts from emergency to post-emergency, continuous monitoring of WASH services is essential for quality assurance, timely identification of gaps, and evidence-based decision-making. To this end, UNHCR has conducted annual WASH Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) surveys in Cox’s Bazar since 2018. The 2024 round continues this effort, assessing refugee households’ understanding of and access to WASH services, satisfaction with current provision, and perceived challenges. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with Rohingya refugee households between October and November 2024. The anonymized dataset provides insights into key WASH indicators and supports operational planning, accountability, and improvements in humanitarian response.

This dataset is the fifth round of UNHCR’s Intention Surveys with refugees from Ukraine, implemented in partnership with Ipsos SA. Data collection was conducted between January and February 2024 and includes close to 4,000 refugee households hosted across countries in Europe. The survey includes a longitudinal component, with part of the sample having participated in previous rounds. A mixed methodological approach was used, combining two data collection modes and mixed sampling designs. The anonymized dataset includes household- and individual-level data and supports inter-agency planning and evidence-based response related to refugee intentions, returns, and durable solutions.

This dataset is the sixth round of UNHCR’s Intention Surveys with refugees from Ukraine, implemented in partnership with Ipsos SA. Data collection was conducted between July and August 2024 and includes close to 5,000 refugee households hosted across countries in Europe. The survey includes a longitudinal component, with part of the sample having participated in previous rounds. A mixed methodological approach was used, combining two data collection modes and mixed sampling designs. The anonymized dataset includes household- and individual-level data and supports inter-agency planning and evidence-based response related to refugee intentions, returns, and durable solutions.

The survey aims to assess the intentions of Burundian refugees in Tanzania to return to Burundi, understand impediments to return, and inform planning for potential refugee returns. The survey was conducted by UNHCR in collaboration with the Refugees Services Department (RSD). It involved collecting both qualitative and quantitative data through a desk review of existing studies and documents, household surveys, and key informant interviews. The primary objective was to gather insights into the refugees' willingness to repatriate voluntarily and to identify any barriers they might face in doing so, thereby aiding in the development of informed strategies for future repatriation efforts.

This comprehensive dataset provides invaluable insights into the evolving protection needs and integration challenges facing Ukrainian refugees several months into displacement in major host countries. It contains the results of 17,708 household interviews conducted by UNHCR and partners between October 2022 and February 15, 2023 across 5 key reception countries: Hungary, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. The interviews were carried out through rigorous random sampling at strategically selected locations including border crossings, reception and transit centers, collective sites, and assistance points in major cities. The questionnaire was redesigned for this second round to focus on pressing longer-term issues like healthcare, education, employment, housing, and local integration. While the sampling provides indicative findings only due to the non-probability approach, the dataset offers a rich evidence base to inform policy and programming. By comparing results over time with the first round (May-November 2022), researchers can analyze trends in refugees' situations, vulnerabilities, coping mechanisms, and unmet needs several months into displacement. The data collection was part of UNHCR's comprehensive protection profiling and monitoring exercise implemented since May 2022 to regularly gather insights into Ukrainian refugees' evolving profiles, risks, and needs. Detailed methodology documentation is provided to support proper interpretation and ethical utilization of the data.

To strengthen and promote an evidence-based protection response, UNHCR and its partners implemented a protection profiling and monitoring exercise in Europe starting in May 2022 to regularly collect and analyze data about the profiles, protection risks, and needs of refugees from Ukraine and monitor changes over time. The exercise covered the following countries that received refugees from Ukraine: Belarus, Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania and Slovakia. The protection profiling and monitoring involved household-level interviews conducted at border crossing points, reception and transit centres, collective sites, and assistance points in major cities using a structured questionnaire. Trained enumerators from UNHCR and partners collected data digitally using the Kobo Toolbox. While respondents were randomly selected to reduce bias, the sample is considered a non-probability sample and results should be considered indicative, meaning they cannot be extrapolated to the population of refugees from Ukraine. The result reflects the refugees' situation at the time of data collection. The first round of data collection took place between May and Nov 2022. The focus of the first round was general profiling of Ukraine refugees and their needs, as well as key issues during the intial phase of the crisis such as family separation, etc. In October 2022, a new questionnaire was rolled out, shifting towards exploring longer-term issues in host countries such as access to health care, education, etc. The second round took place between Oct 2022 and 15 Feb 2023. overlapping slightly with the first round, however the datasets are not comparable due to the change in the questionnaire. The third round employed the same questionnaire as the second, and took place between 16 Feb and 30 Jun 2023. This dataset is the anonymous version of the data that was collected during the third round. It includes 21,340 household interviews. Data from the following countries are new to this round: Czechia, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The data from the first round is also available on the Microdata Library as a separate dataset for each country where the exercise took place.

To ensure the centrality of refugees’ voices in discussions about their future, as well as to inform evidence-based inter-agency responses in support of host Governments, UNHCR is leading the regular implementation of intentions surveys with refugees from Ukraine, collecting primary data on their profiles, their current situation and intentions, and the factors influencing their decision-making. The first and second regional intentions surveys were completed and the report published in July 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94176) and September 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767). This data was collected during the third round, conducted between December 2022 and January 2023. The survey covered refugees hosted in countries in Europe. In addition, the third round included a longitudinal sample of refugees surveyed in both the second and third rounds. The report was published in Februrary 2023 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99072). A mixed methodological approach was used, combining two data collection modes. Around 3,900 refugee households (2,100 from countries neighboring Ukraine and 1,800 from other host countries) were interviewed either through a phone-based survey, web-based survey or face-to-face interview. A total of 887 households participated in both the second and third round (longitudinal sample). All surveys used a harmonized questionnaire. This data is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

To ensure the centrality of refugees’ voices in discussions about their future, as well as to inform evidence-based inter-agency responses in support of host Governments, UNHCR is leading the regular implementation of intentions surveys with refugees from Ukraine, collecting primary data on their profiles, their current situation and intentions, and the factors influencing their decision-making. The first regional intentions survey was completed and the report published in July 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94176). This data was collected during the second round, conducted between August and September 2022. The scope was expanded to include not only countries neighbouring Ukraine but other host countries in Europe and beyond. In addition, the second round also includes a deeper analysis of the factors influencing refugees’ decisions, as well as key insights into their current socio-economic situation. The report was published in September 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767). A mixed methodological approach was used, combining different sampling approaches and data collection modes. Over 4,800 refugee households (2,000 from countries neighboring Ukraine and 2,800 from other host countries) were interviewed either through a phone-based survey, web-based survey or face-to-face interview. All surveys used a harmonized questionnaire. This data is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

To ensure the centrality of refugees’ voices in discussions about their future, as well as to inform evidence-based inter-agency responses in support of host Governments, UNHCR is leading the regular implementation of intentions surveys with refugees from Ukraine, collecting primary data on their profiles, their current situation and intentions, and the factors influencing their decision-making. The first, second and third regional intentions surveys were completed and the reports published in July 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/94176), September 2022 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/95767) and February 2023 (https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99072). This data was collected during the fourth round, conducted between April and May 2023. The survey covered refugees hosted in countries in Europe. A mixed methodological approach was used, combining two data collection modes. Around 3,850 refugee households were interviewed either through a phone-based survey, web-based survey or face-to-face interview. The data include a mix of Fresh refugee households (i.e. not included in previous rounds) and Panel households (i.e. those included in at least one of the previous rounds). All surveys used a harmonized questionnaire. This data is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

UNHCR uses cash based interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice in line with UNHCR’s core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring (PDM) with a sample of cash recipients residing across the country. This PDM follows the winter cash assistance programme in Poland in response to the arrival of refugees from Ukraine. The objective of the programme was to support vulnerable refugee families and individuals in addressing their basic needs, mitigating the impact of the winter price increases in rent, utilities and clothing. The programme was aimed at households who benefited from the multi-purpose cash assistance in 2022 and who had at least two specific needs identified within the household, with 3,437 households / 8,629 refugees benefiting. A PDM assessment was carried out in March 2023. It consisted of a structured household-level survey using a tool developed by UNHCR, and data was collected, cleaned and analysed by UNHCR. The survey was administered via phone interviews to a representative sample of 352 beneficiary households. The sample frame included 1,088 beneficiary households that were not included in phone interviews for previous PDMs for the multi-purpose cash assistance programme. This is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

UNHCR uses cash based interventions (CBIs) as a preferred modality for delivering assistance, offering greater dignity and choice in line with UNHCR’s core protection mandate. In order to ensure that the cash assistance provided meets the intended objectives and that desired outcomes are achieved, UNHCR conducts regular post-distribution and outcome monitoring (PDM) with a sample of cash recipients residing across the country. This PDM follows the multi-purpose cash assistance (MPCA) programme in Poland in response to the arrival of refugees from Ukraine. The programme was carried out in coordination with Lutheran World Federation (LWF) and the Polish Centre for International Aid (PCPM). The objective of the programme was to address the basic needs of the refugees, relieve the financial burden of their households and put them on a path to sustainable solutions. The programme was initially aimed at all refugees that left Ukraine after 24 February 2022, with 126,304 refugee households (267,746 individuals) benefiting from cash assistance between 11 March and 26 July 2022. New criteria was introduced on 27 July, seeking to target the most vulnerable refugees. 9,945 households (22,2923 individuals) benefited from cash assistance between 27 July and 9 September 2022 according to the new criteria. A PDM assessment was carried out between August and September of 2022. It consisted of a structured household-level survey using a tool developed by UNHCR. The survey was administered via phone interviews to a representative sample of 1,260 beneficiary households who received CBIs, and was broken up into two strata: Stratum 1: Households enrolled in the MPCA programme between 11 March and 27 July (n = 637 HHs) Stratum 2: Households enrolled in the MPCA programme (with new criteria) between 27 July and 9 September (n = 623 HHs) Data collection for the 1st stratum took place 22 August and 8 September and for the 2nd stratum between 9 September and 4 October. Data was collected in Ukrainian and Russian by female enumerators of the REACH Initiative in Poland. Data was cleaned and analysed by REACH Initiative Poland, according to the Impact Initiative’s standards. This is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

To strengthen and promote an evidence-based protection response, UNHCR and its partners have been implementing a protection monitoring exercise since May 2022 to regularly collect and analyze data about the profiles, needs and intentions of refugees from Ukraine and monitor changes over time. The exercise covers the following countries that have received refugees from Ukraine: Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of Moldova (5,035), Poland, Romania and Slovakia. The protection monitoring involves household-level interviews conducted at border crossing points, reception and transit centres, collective sites, and assistance points in major cities using a structured questionnaire. Trained enumerators from UNHCR and partners collect data in face-to-face interviews. While respondents are randomly selected to reduce bias, the sample is considered a non-probability sample and results should be considered indicative, meaning they cannot be extrapolated to the population of refugees from Ukraine. The result reflects the refugees' situation and intentions at the time of data collection. This dataset includes 26,891 household interviews conducted in Poland between May and December 2022. It is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

To strengthen and promote an evidence-based protection response, UNHCR and its partners have been implementing a protection monitoring exercise since May 2022 to regularly collect and analyze data about the profiles, needs and intentions of refugees from Ukraine and monitor changes over time. The exercise covers the following countries that have received refugees from Ukraine: Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of Moldova (5,035), Poland, Romania and Slovakia. The protection monitoring involves household-level interviews conducted at border crossing points, reception and transit centres, collective sites, and assistance points in major cities using a structured questionnaire. Trained enumerators from UNHCR and partners collect data in face-to-face interviews. While respondents are randomly selected to reduce bias, the sample is considered a non-probability sample and results should be considered indicative, meaning they cannot be extrapolated to the population of refugees from Ukraine. The result reflects the refugees' situation and intentions at the time of data collection. This dataset includes 5,275 household interviews conducted in Romania between May and December 2022. It is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

To strengthen and promote an evidence-based protection response, UNHCR and its partners have been implementing a protection monitoring exercise since May 2022 to regularly collect and analyze data about the profiles, needs and intentions of refugees from Ukraine and monitor changes over time. The exercise covers the following countries that have received refugees from Ukraine: Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of Moldova (5,035), Poland, Romania and Slovakia. The protection monitoring involves household-level interviews conducted at border crossing points, reception and transit centres, collective sites, and assistance points in major cities using a structured questionnaire. Trained enumerators from UNHCR and partners collect data in face-to-face interviews. While respondents are randomly selected to reduce bias, the sample is considered a non-probability sample and results should be considered indicative, meaning they cannot be extrapolated to the population of refugees from Ukraine. The result reflects the refugees' situation and intentions at the time of data collection. This dataset includes 5,101 household interviews conducted in the Republic of Moldova between May and September 2022. It is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

To strengthen and promote an evidence-based protection response, UNHCR and its partners have been implementing a protection monitoring exercise since May 2022 to regularly collect and analyze data about the profiles, needs and intentions of refugees from Ukraine and monitor changes over time. The exercise covers the following countries that have received refugees from Ukraine: Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of Moldova (5,035), Poland, Romania and Slovakia. The protection monitoring involves household-level interviews conducted at border crossing points, reception and transit centres, collective sites, and assistance points in major cities using a structured questionnaire. Trained enumerators from UNHCR and partners collect data in face-to-face interviews. While respondents are randomly selected to reduce bias, the sample is considered a non-probability sample and results should be considered indicative, meaning they cannot be extrapolated to the population of refugees from Ukraine. The result reflects the refugees' situation and intentions at the time of data collection. This dataset includes 4,227 household interviews conducted in Slovakia between May and September 2022. It is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

To strengthen and promote an evidence-based protection response, UNHCR and its partners have been implementing a protection monitoring exercise since May 2022 to regularly collect and analyze data about the profiles, needs and intentions of refugees from Ukraine and monitor changes over time. The exercise covers the following countries that have received refugees from Ukraine: Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of Moldova (5,035), Poland, Romania and Slovakia. The protection monitoring involves household-level interviews conducted at border crossing points, reception and transit centres, collective sites, and assistance points in major cities using a structured questionnaire. Trained enumerators from UNHCR and partners collect data in face-to-face interviews. While respondents are randomly selected to reduce bias, the sample is considered a non-probability sample and results should be considered indicative, meaning they cannot be extrapolated to the population of refugees from Ukraine. The result reflects the refugees' situation and intentions at the time of data collection. This dataset includes 1,409 household interviews conducted in Belarus between May and September 2022. It is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

To strengthen and promote an evidence-based protection response, UNHCR and its partners have been implementing a protection monitoring exercise since May 2022 to regularly collect and analyze data about the profiles, needs and intentions of refugees from Ukraine and monitor changes over time. The exercise covers the following countries that have received refugees from Ukraine: Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of Moldova (5,035), Poland, Romania and Slovakia. The protection monitoring involves household-level interviews conducted at border crossing points, reception and transit centres, collective sites, and assistance points in major cities using a structured questionnaire. Trained enumerators from UNHCR and partners collect data in face-to-face interviews. While respondents are randomly selected to reduce bias, the sample is considered a non-probability sample and results should be considered indicative, meaning they cannot be extrapolated to the population of refugees from Ukraine. The result reflects the refugees' situation and intentions at the time of data collection. This dataset includes 541 household interviews conducted in Hungary between May and December 2022. It is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

To strengthen and promote an evidence-based protection response, UNHCR and its partners have been implementing a protection monitoring exercise since May 2022 to regularly collect and analyze data about the profiles, needs and intentions of refugees from Ukraine and monitor changes over time. The exercise covers the following countries that have received refugees from Ukraine: Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Republic of Moldova, Poland, Romania and Slovakia. The protection monitoring involves household-level interviews conducted at border crossing points, reception and transit centres, collective sites, and assistance points in major cities using a structured questionnaire. Trained enumerators from UNHCR and partners collect data in face-to-face interviews. While respondents are randomly selected to reduce bias, the sample is considered a non-probability sample and results should be considered indicative, meaning they cannot be extrapolated to the population of refugees from Ukraine. The result reflects the refugees' situation and intentions at the time of data collection. This dataset includes 1,409 household interviews conducted in Belarus between May and December 2022. It is an anonymous version of the original data collected and used for the primary analysis.

Due to persistent instability in the region, Cameroon hosts refugees and asylum seekers from neighboring countries, mainly from the Central African Republic and Nigeria. In 2015, nearly 259,000 Central African refugees arrived in Cameroon, of whom the vast majority settled in the Northern, Eastern and Adamaoua regions. Within these regions, the study identified 11 subsistence zones, of which the 5 zones with the highest refugee concentration were surveyed, in order to inform UNHCR's Livelihoods Strategy 2017-2020 targeting these refugees and to provide a baseline against which to measure the success of its implementation. The survey was conducted among 2,206 refugee households in November 2016. The household data is supplemented with UNHCRs progress data for the purpose of refining the targeting approach of both WFP and UNHCR.

As a consequence of the armed conflict in the Gao, Kidal and Timbuktu regions of Mali, an estimated 32,000 Malian refugees have settled in Burkina Faso. Since 2012, UNHCR has been providing protection and assistance to these Malian refugees through multisectoral interventions. In order to assess the levels of vulnerability among these refugees and to identify potential opportunities for increasing their resilience, a quantitative survey was conducted among 6,775 Malian refugee households during April/May 2016.

Due to persistent instability in the region, Cameroon hosts refugees and asylum seekers from neighboring countries, mainly from the Central African Republic and Nigeria. In 2015, nearly 259,000 Central African refugees arrived in Cameroon, of whom the vast majority settled in the Northern, Eastern and Adamaoua regions. Within these regions, the study identified 11 subsistence zones, of which the 5 zones with the highest refugee concentration were surveyed, in order to inform UNHCR's Livelihoods Strategy 2017-2020 targeting these refugees and to provide a baseline against which to measure the success of its implementation. The survey was conducted among 2,206 refugee households in November 2016. The household data is supplemented with UNHCRs progress data for the purpose of refining the targeting approach of both WFP and UNHCR.

Due to persistent instability in the region, Cameroon hosts refugees and asylum seekers from neighboring countries, mainly from the Central African Republic and Nigeria. In 2015, nearly 259,000 Central African refugees arrived in Cameroon, of whom the vast majority settled in the Northern, Eastern and Adamaoua regions. Within these regions, the study identified 11 subsistence zones, of which the 5 zones with the highest refugee concentration were surveyed, in order to inform UNHCR's Livelihoods Strategy 2017-2020 targeting these refugees and to provide a baseline against which to measure the success of its implementation. The survey was conducted among 2,206 refugee households in November 2016.

The UNHCR Standardized Expanded Nutrition Surveys (SENS) provide regular nutrition data that plays a key role in delivering effective and timely interventions to ensure good nutritional outcomes in the refugee populations. UNHCR in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and with support from ADES, UNICEF and WFP organized and series of three SENS in the Democratic Republic of Congo in the first half of 2019 focusing on the following locations and population groups: in camps hosting refugees from Burundi (Sud-Kivu province); in camps and among host populations hosting refugees from Central African Republic (Bas-Uélé, Nord-Ubangi and Sud-Ubangi provinces), and in camps and among host populations hosting refugees from South Sudan (Haut-Uélé and Ituri provinces). The survey includes seven modules: household composition, income, consumption and food security, use of mosquito nets, water and sanitation (WASH), children under five, and women of childbearing age. See further details in the three reports. This data is the anonymous version of the original data collected for primary use.

Malawi has been hosting refugees and asylum seekers in Dzaleka camp,Dowa district, since 1994. By 2016 the camp reached a population of 25,202 refugees, most of whomlive in the refugee camp (ProGres database). The refugees are mainly from the Great Lakes Regioncomprising of Democratic Republic of Congo (46%), Burundi (25%) and Rwanda (20%). About 8% of theremaining refugees come from Somalia, Ethiopia and other countries. Dzaleka camp is surrounded by12 villages, and UNHCR Malawi mapped 11 villages with a total population of 37,412 for programmingas host communities. In March of 2016, the Government of Malawi opened Luwani Camp, Neno district, to primarily hostasylum seekers from Mozambique. With a growing population, the camp had nearly 2,200 persons ofconcern to UNHCR in 2016. The camp is surrounded by 6 villages with a total population of 4,614households. UNHCR, the World Food Programme (WFP) and partners worked to ensure that food security andrelated needs of the refugees were adequately addressed in the two camps. The Government of Malawihas responsibility for the host communities through national plans, supported by a variety of NGOpartners. In 2016, there was a great need to monitor the nutrition situation of the refugees in the twocamps as well as the host communities serving the two camps in order inform appropriateinterventions. Thus, four Standardised Expanded Nutrition Survey (SENS) were conducted in the twocamps and their host communities from 7 to 8 November 2016. This was the fi rst SENS in Luwani campand the host communities. Previous SENS were conducted in Dzaleka camp in 2008, 2012 and 2014. The SENS was based on the Standardised Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions(SMART) methodology and UNHCR SENS Guidelines for Refugee Populations (v 2, 2013). A two-stagecluster sampling was conducted in three of the survey areas (Dzaleka camp, two host communities) andan exhaustive method was used in Luwani camp as the total population was below 2,500. See moredetails in the report. The microdata are the anonymized version of the original data, and include a datafi le for the following modules:food security, mosquito net coverage, WASH, children under 5 years old,and women aged 15 to 49 years.