The 2022 Multi-Sectoral Needs Assessment (MSNA), conducted by the REACH Initiative in close collaboration with the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and mandated by the Inter-cluster Coordination Group (ICCG), aims to understand the multi-sectoral and sector-specific needs, circumstances, and vulnerabilities of households across the entire territory of the Central African Republic. It also aims to understand specific needs and vulnerabilities of population groups, namely non-displaced households, returnees, internally displaced persons (IDPs) living in host communities, and IDPs living at sites. The needs assessment covers protection, health, mental health, WASH, Shelter and NFI, Education, food security, livelihoods and disabilities, as well as the perception of and satisfaction with humanitarian aid (AAP). The 2022 MSNA was conducted through a statistically representative household survey across 66 accessible sub-prefectures (admin2) out of the 72 sub-prefectures of the country. The inaccessible sub-prefectures were evaluated using a Key Informant survey. In consultation with key humanitarian partners and actors, a joint set of indicators, questions, and answer choices were developed for the assessment of needs in the context of the Central African Republic. All surveys were conducted through face-to-face interviews, using the tablet-based Kobo Collect Open Data Kit (ODK) app. Household data collection took place from July 20 to September 18, 2022. A total of 12,347 households were assessed after data cleaning. Data is statistically representative at a 92% confidence level and a +/- 10% margin of error with a buffer of 10% for the entire population on the level of sub-prefectures (admin2) and higher levels, and for specific population groups on the level of prefectures (admin1) and higher levels.

The data was collected using the High Frequency Survey (HFS). The survey allowes for better reaching populations of interest with remote modalities (phone interviews and self-administered surveys online) and improved sampling guidance and strategies. It includes a set of standardized regional core questions while allowing for operation-specific customizations. The core questions revolve around populations of interest's demographic profile, difficulties during their journey, specific protection needs, access to documentation and regularization, health access, coverage of basic needs, coping capacity and negative mechanisms used, and well-being and local integration. The data collected has been used by countries in their protection monitoring analysis and vulnerability analysis.

This dataset is part of AQLITY’s Security, Logistics, Access and Cash Feasibility (SLAC) Monitoring tool. It captures granular, settlement-level data collected through direct observation and key informant interviews across eastern Ukraine. The dataset includes information on population presence and vulnerability, access constraints, availability of basic services, market functionality, infrastructure damage, and cash feasibility. Each record reflects a specific assessment round in a given settlement and contributes to tracking humanitarian access and service availability in hard-to-reach and high-risk areas. The dataset is intended to provide operational data for humanitarian organisations and prompt further assessment and/or principled response.

This dataset contains the results of a multisectoral assessment of the needs of displaced populations .

This rapid needs assessment was launched immediately after the earthquake and collected from March 29th - April 1st, 2025. The assessment targeted the areas affected by the earthquake and includes 391 responses collected through an online opt-in survey panel. The instrument is based on standard disaster assessment tools used by other humanitarian actors.

Kenya hosts over half a million refugees, who, along with their hosts in urban and camp areas, face difficult living conditions and limited socioeconomic opportunities. Most refugees in Kenya live in camps located in the impoverished counties of Turkana (40 percent) and Garissa (44 percent), while 16 percent inhabit urban areas—mainly in Nairobi but also in Mombasa and Nakuru. Refugees in Kenya are not systematically included in national surveys, creating a lack of comparable socioeconomic data on camp-based and urban refugees, and their hosts. As the third of a series of surveys focusing on closing this gap, this Socioeconomic Survey of Urban Refugees's aim is to understand the socioeconomic needs of urban refugees in Kenya, especially in the face of ongoing conflicts, environmental hazards, and others shocks, as well as the recent government announcement to close Kenya’s refugee camps, which highlights the potential move of refugees from camps into urban settings. The SESs are representative of urban refugees and camp-based refugees in Turkana County. For the Kalobeyei 2018 and Urban 2020–21 SESs, households were randomly selected from the UNHCR registration database (proGres), while a complete list of dwellings, obtained from UNHCR’s dwelling mapping exercise, was used to draw the sample for the Kakuma 2019 SES. The Kalobeyei SES and Kakuma SES were done via Computer-Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI). Due to COVID-19 social distancing measures, the Urban SES was collected via Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI). The Kalobeyei SES covers 6,004 households; the Kakuma SES covers 2,127 households; and the Urban SES covers 2,438 households in Nairobi, Nakuru, and Mombasa. Questionnaires are aligned with national household survey instruments, while additional modules are added to explore refugee-specific dynamics. The SES includes modules on demographics, household characteristics, assets, employment, education, consumption, and expenditure, which are aligned with the Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey (KIHBS) 2015–16 and the recent Kenya Continuous Household Survey (KCHS) 2019. Additional modules on access to services, vulnerabilities, social cohesion, mechanisms for coping with lack of food, displacement trajectories, and durable solutions are administered to capture refugee-specific challenges.

This dataset presents findings from Protection Profiling and Monitoring conducted by UNHCR and partners between July and October 2024 across Belarus, Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. The objective of this regional exercise is to strengthen evidence-based protection responses by regularly collecting and analyzing data on the profiles, protection risks, legal needs, displacement patterns, and basic needs of refugees from Ukraine. Data was gathered through household-level interviews conducted face-to-face at border crossing points, reception and transit centers, collective sites, and assistance locations in major cities. The structured questionnaire was administered by trained enumerators from UNHCR and partner organizations using digital data collection tools. Although respondents were selected to reduce bias, the sample follows a non-probability design and results should be interpreted as indicative rather than statistically representative of the refugee population.

This dataset presents findings from Protection Profiling and Monitoring conducted by UNHCR and partners between October 2023 and April 2024 across Belarus, Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. The objective of this regional exercise is to strengthen evidence-based protection responses by regularly collecting and analyzing data on the demographics, protection risks, legal needs, displacement patterns, and basic needs of refugees from Ukraine. Data was gathered through household-level interviews conducted face-to-face at border crossing points, reception and transit centers, collective sites, and assistance locations in major cities. The structured questionnaire was administered by trained enumerators from UNHCR and partner organizations using digital data collection tools. Although respondents were selected to reduce bias, the sample follows a non-probability design and results should be interpreted as indicative rather than statistically representative of the refugee population.

This dataset was compiled by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) on behalf of the Humanitarian Country Team and partners. It provides the Humanitarian Country Team’s shared understanding of the crisis, including the most pressing humanitarian need and the estimated number of people who need assistance, and represents a consolidated evidence base and helps inform joint strategic response planning.

Community-Based Protection Monitoring (CBPM) is one of UNHCR’s key tools to identify and monitor key protection issues including violations of rights, displacement, needs of vulnerable populations, access to rights and services, safety, freedom of movement, and occurrences of issues involving Gender Based Violence (GBV), Child Protection (CP), explosive hazards and Housing Land and Property (HLP), in order to identify persons in need of assistance, inform the humanitarian response and advocate for the protection of civilians. CBPM also serves as an evidence-base for design and implementation of protection programs. The methodology used has been jointly developed with the Afghanistan Protection Cluster (APC) and includes standardized data collection tools (HH, KII and FGDs). To monitor and compare the protection environment of girls, boys, men, and women, the data is disaggregated by age and gender that identifies adolescents, youth, and elderly, as well as population groups (i.e., refugees, refugee returnees, undocumented returnees, IDPs, IDP returnees, host communities).

Community-Based Protection Monitoring (CBPM) is one of UNHCR’s key tools to identify and monitor key protection issues including violations of rights, displacement, needs of vulnerable populations, access to rights and services, safety, freedom of movement, and occurrences of issues involving Gender Based Violence (GBV), Child Protection (CP), explosive hazards and Housing Land and Property (HLP), in order to identify persons in need of assistance, inform the humanitarian response and advocate for the protection of civilians. CBPM also serves as an evidence-base for design and implementation of protection programs. The methodology used has been jointly developed with the Afghanistan Protection Cluster (APC) and includes standardized data collection tools (HH, KII and FGDs). To monitor and compare the protection environment of girls, boys, men, and women, the data is disaggregated by age and gender that identifies adolescents, youth, and elderly, as well as population groups (i.e., refugees, refugee returnees, undocumented returnees, IDPs, IDP returnees, host communities).

The Bulgaria: Post-Distribution Monitoring of Cash-Based Interventions - 2025 dataset evaluates the impact of UNHCR’s cash-based interventions (CBI) in Bulgaria. Between October and December 2024, 4,225 households (9,158 individuals) received multi-purpose cash assistance (MPCA), winterization support, and education grants. Additionally, the Bulgarian Red Cross (BRC) provided cash-for-education assistance to 194 individuals. A post-distribution monitoring (PDM) survey was conducted via telephone interviews from January 16-28, 2025, with 431 randomly selected households, ensuring a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error. Of these, 40 were BRC beneficiaries, while 391 received support directly from UNHCR. The dataset captures household spending, financial coping strategies, and program effectiveness.

The 2024 Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) in Romania is a comprehensive regional assessment conducted from May to July 2024, focusing on the needs of refugees in Romania, particularly those from Ukraine. This multi-sectoral survey aims to capture key data on refugees' socio-economic integration, access to national systems, and their priorities for the coming year, providing valuable insights to inform the 2025 Refugee Response Plan (RRP). The survey employs a stratified random sampling method and involves face-to-face and online interviews with refugees, covering topics such as health, education, protection, food security, and livelihoods. The collected data is anonymized and cleaned for use in policy planning and intervention development. The findings highlight gaps in services and provide crucial information on the changing trends in refugees’ needs, contributing to a more targeted and effective response to refugee challenges in Romania.

The 2024 SEIS in Czechia provides a comprehensive assessment of the needs and vulnerabilities of refugees from Ukraine. Conducted as part of the annual interagency regional process led by UNHCR, the survey supports the Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRP) for the Ukraine Situation. By addressing key areas such as protection, health, education, shelter, livelihoods, and food security, it delivers essential data to inform evidence-based planning and ensure the diverse needs of refugee groups are met. Data collection took place from May to July 2024 and followed a purposive sampling approach. While not random, the methodology was designed to reflect the geographical and gender distribution of the refugee population using Temporary Protection (TP) data from the Ministry of Interior. Enumerators worked within these parameters, using the snowball method to identify respondents who matched the criteria. The survey was a collaborative effort by UNHCR and the International Organization for Migration. Its findings will inform strategic planning and resource allocation to improve the welfare and resilience of refugees in Czechia.

Following the change in authority in Afghanistan on 15 August 2021 and the resulting declaration of a Level 3 emergency, UNHCR introduced a rapid assessment methodology to quickly assess humanitarian and protection needs throughout the country as part of scale-up by UNHCR to respond to the unfolding crisis - an effort that continued throughout 2024. The primary focus of the assessments were IDPs and IDP returnees who account for the majority of the households interviewed in these assessments. Nonetheless, as UNHCR takes a whole-of-community approach in its assistance programme, vulnerable host community members were also assessed, alongside a small number of refugee returnees, asylum seekers and refugees, as well as deported and spontaneous returnees under an area-based approach. The Rapid Household Assessments (RHAF) covers all 34 provinces.

The 2023 Results Monitoring Survey (RMS) in the Republic of Congo aimed to monitor key impact and outcome indicators related to education, healthcare, livelihoods, protection concerns, shelter, and water and sanitation for refugees and asylum seekers. The survey was conducted between January 17 and February 9, 2023, targeting 1,900 households across Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, Likouala, and Cuvette. The survey achieved interviews with 1,473 households (77.53% coverage), with data collected through Computer-Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI). The results contribute to an evidence base for UNHCR’s multi-year strategies in the country.

The 2024 Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) in Moldova, conducted by UNHCR in partnership with REACH, provides essential data on the needs of refugees and third-country nationals displaced from Ukraine. Building on the 2023 Multi-Sectoral Needs Assessment (MSNA), this household-level survey collected insights on protection, food security, education, livelihoods, health, and socio-economic inclusion to inform humanitarian planning and decision-making. A total of 622 in-person interviews were conducted across Moldova (excluding the Transnistrian region) between June 3 and July 12, 2024. The survey used purposive and respondent-assisted sampling to capture household and individual-level data on living conditions, access to services, and integration challenges. This anonymized dataset supports stakeholders in addressing the needs of displaced populations and promoting integration and access to essential services in Moldova.

The 2023 Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) of Cash-Based Interventions in Bulgaria was conducted to assess the outcomes of one-time cash assistance programs provided to vulnerable households registered under Temporary or International Protection. These programs included a one-time payment for protection and a one-time payment for winter support, with enrollment starting in August 2022. Data collection took place from March to May 2023 with 258 households through telephone interviews. The PDM captured feedback on demographics, cash utilization, accommodation, expenditure patterns, impact on livelihoods, and satisfaction with the program. The findings highlight the program's positive impact in alleviating financial burdens, improving living conditions, and moderately reducing stress levels, providing valuable insights for future program improvements.

The 2024 Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) in Slovakia provides a comprehensive assessment of the needs and vulnerabilities of refugees from Ukraine. Conducted as part of an annual interagency regional process led by UNHCR, this assessment supports the Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRP) for the Ukraine Situation. Covering topics such as protection, health, education, shelter, livelihoods, and food security, the survey offers critical data to inform evidence-based planning and prioritization, ensuring the specific needs of different refugee groups are addressed. Data collection was conducted through face-to-face interviews from May to July 2024 with a probability-based random sample of refugee households, managed collaboratively by UNHCR and the International Organization for Migration. Findings will guide strategic interventions and resource allocation to enhance the welfare and resilience of the refugee population in Slovakia.

The Results-Monitoring Survey (RMS) was conducted by UNHCR South Sudan in the last quarter of 2022 to serve as a pilot tool for measuring country operations' results regarding internally displaced persons (IDPs). Using computer-assisted personal interviews, around 4,634 questionnaires were carried out proportionally across eight states. The target was IDPs in camps and non-camp settings, including hard-to-reach areas. A simple random sampling method was used to allow generalizability and minimize bias. The questionnaire was tailored to the local context while drawing from the standard RMS instrument. Sample sizes were calculated for states and counties based on displacement figures and partner presence. A 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error determined the state samples. The county samples used 90% confidence and 5% margins given the need for greater precision at lower administrative levels. Total target was 5,309 households, allocated proportionally. High response rate (97%) exceeded targets in some counties. The pilot provides baseline data on results indicators to track over time. Key aspects were representative sampling, localized questionnaire, sufficient sample size, and community access enabling quality data for ongoing monitoring.

The UNHCR Results Monitoring Survey (RMS) in Mozambique, conducted from February 27, 2023, to April 7, 2024, by CS Research and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, assessed the impact in areas such as Health and Nutrition, Water Sanitation Hygiene, Protection, and Education among refugees, asylum-seekers, and IDPs. Covering regions like Cabo Delgado and Nampula, the survey employed mixed sampling methods, including phone surveys (CATI) for widespread geographical coverage, excluding Nampula City and Maratane Camp, and face-to-face interviews (CAPI) in specified areas. This approach, integrating non-probabilistic and probabilistic techniques, and stratified by gender, provided comprehensive data, crucial for UNHCR’s strategic planning and reporting in Mozambique.

A multi-sectoral needs assessment was conducted in Poland between July 13, 2023 and August 25, 2023, surveying 5,645 households comprising 13,421 individuals. The assessment aimed to capture the needs of refugees in Poland, understand their level of access to basic services, how their needs are currently being met, gaps in services, and priorities for the refugee response in the coming year. Key findings will inform the 2024 Regional Refugee Response Plan for Poland, providing critical data on priorities and funding requirements to support refugees. With 5,645 households surveyed across multiple sectors, the assessment provides a robust evidence base to shape a more effective, responsive refugee program in Poland.

This dataset contains information from the Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) survey conducted by UNHCR to evaluate the outcomes of its cash-based interventions (CBI) in Bulgaria. The program, which transitioned from one-off assistance to a multi-transfer approach, provided financial aid to 7,178 individuals (3,054 households) between July 2023 and January 2024. Targeting vulnerable households, including those with disabilities, serious medical conditions, single parents, and older people without family support, the assistance aimed to meet basic needs and alleviate financial burdens. The PDM survey, conducted through remote telephone interviews with a randomized sample of 364 households in January-February 2024, assessed the effectiveness of the cash assistance program. Key findings indicate the assistance improved beneficiaries' living conditions, reduced financial pressures, and contributed to their overall well-being. The survey also identified operational challenges and opportunities for enhancing program delivery.

The 2024 Regional Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) provides critical data to inform the 2025 Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRP), supporting strategic planning and funding allocation to address regional needs. This consolidated dataset includes comprehensive information from Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia, covering essential topics such as demographics, protection, education, socio-economic inclusion and livelihoods, health, and accommodation. By synthesizing data from these ten countries, the SEIS offers a detailed view of key areas impacting refugee and host communities, supporting evidence-based decisions for targeted interventions and resource mobilization across the region.

The project considers five pairs of countries: the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)/Uganda, Ethiopia/Somalia, Lebanon/Syria, Myanmar/Thailand, and Pakistan/Afghanistan. Research was conducted with partners in the primary focus country of each pair of countries (the first mentioned). This research was attentive to the cross-border dynamics of the protracted displacement economy with the other countries in each pair (the second mentioned). A household survey approach comprising a baseline survey and one follow-up panel survey (except in Myanmar which only had the baseline survey) was a central part of this project’s research.   The 15 research locations (three each from the five primary focus countries) were purposively selected, making sure that both cities and camps providing refuge to the displaced are included, and that there is data for a sampling frame (i.e. a list of all households to be studied) and that the sites are accessible to the researchers. Locations were selected to avoid an exclusive focus on displaced people. In camps (which are exclusive to displaced people), a portion of the local community outside the camp was also surveyed. The purpose was to collect a survey dataset for intra- and cross-country comparisons. Focus groups informed the design of the initial survey instrument, ensuring that questions were as comprehensible as possible and relevant to the local context. The survey instrument comprised a core section that was used across all five countries, with short country- and location-specific additions to reflect the concerns of local stakeholders. The instrument was designed jointly by UK researchers and international partners in English and then translated by international partners into nine other languages. The survey was conducted using tablets and the open-source Kobo Toolkit software with multi-language capability. The questions covered standard short measures of: gender, age, multidimensional poverty and wellbeing, displacement/mobility history, livelihoods, social care, and other support including non-financial support. In addition to these household-level questions, individual questions were included for the respondents on attitudes about contacts with neighbors, collective organisation, sources of emotional support, and plans and hopes for the future. Questions shared across all countries have standard responses which maximise the potential for intra- and cross-country comparison of this dataset.  The survey considered the entire displacement-affected community. The baseline survey in 2021 included 14504 households selected randomly in each of the 15 locations. The selection of individuals from within a household to respond to the questionnaire was fully random, stratified by sex. Two years after the baseline survey, in 2023, 1779 households were re-surveyed in four countries (a repeat survey was not done in Myanmar).