The data was collected using the High Frequency Survey (HFS). The survey allowes for better reaching populations of interest with remote modalities (phone interviews and self-administered surveys online) and improved sampling guidance and strategies. It includes a set of standardized regional core questions while allowing for operation-specific customizations. The core questions revolve around populations of interest's demographic profile, difficulties during their journey, specific protection needs, access to documentation and regularization, health access, coverage of basic needs, coping capacity and negative mechanisms used, and well-being and local integration. The data collected has been used by countries in their protection monitoring analysis and vulnerability analysis.

Kenya hosts over half a million refugees, who, along with their hosts in urban and camp areas, face difficult living conditions and limited socioeconomic opportunities. Most refugees in Kenya live in camps located in the impoverished counties of Turkana (40 percent) and Garissa (44 percent), while 16 percent inhabit urban areas—mainly in Nairobi but also in Mombasa and Nakuru. Refugees in Kenya are not systematically included in national surveys, creating a lack of comparable socioeconomic data on camp-based and urban refugees, and their hosts. As the third of a series of surveys focusing on closing this gap, this Socioeconomic Survey of Urban Refugees's aim is to understand the socioeconomic needs of urban refugees in Kenya, especially in the face of ongoing conflicts, environmental hazards, and others shocks, as well as the recent government announcement to close Kenya’s refugee camps, which highlights the potential move of refugees from camps into urban settings. The SESs are representative of urban refugees and camp-based refugees in Turkana County. For the Kalobeyei 2018 and Urban 2020–21 SESs, households were randomly selected from the UNHCR registration database (proGres), while a complete list of dwellings, obtained from UNHCR’s dwelling mapping exercise, was used to draw the sample for the Kakuma 2019 SES. The Kalobeyei SES and Kakuma SES were done via Computer-Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI). Due to COVID-19 social distancing measures, the Urban SES was collected via Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI). The Kalobeyei SES covers 6,004 households; the Kakuma SES covers 2,127 households; and the Urban SES covers 2,438 households in Nairobi, Nakuru, and Mombasa. Questionnaires are aligned with national household survey instruments, while additional modules are added to explore refugee-specific dynamics. The SES includes modules on demographics, household characteristics, assets, employment, education, consumption, and expenditure, which are aligned with the Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey (KIHBS) 2015–16 and the recent Kenya Continuous Household Survey (KCHS) 2019. Additional modules on access to services, vulnerabilities, social cohesion, mechanisms for coping with lack of food, displacement trajectories, and durable solutions are administered to capture refugee-specific challenges.

Community-Based Protection Monitoring (CBPM) is one of UNHCR’s key tools to identify and monitor key protection issues including violations of rights, displacement, needs of vulnerable populations, access to rights and services, safety, freedom of movement, and occurrences of issues involving Gender Based Violence (GBV), Child Protection (CP), explosive hazards and Housing Land and Property (HLP), in order to identify persons in need of assistance, inform the humanitarian response and advocate for the protection of civilians. CBPM also serves as an evidence-base for design and implementation of protection programs. The methodology used has been jointly developed with the Afghanistan Protection Cluster (APC) and includes standardized data collection tools (HH, KII and FGDs). To monitor and compare the protection environment of girls, boys, men, and women, the data is disaggregated by age and gender that identifies adolescents, youth, and elderly, as well as population groups (i.e., refugees, refugee returnees, undocumented returnees, IDPs, IDP returnees, host communities).

Community-Based Protection Monitoring (CBPM) is one of UNHCR’s key tools to identify and monitor key protection issues including violations of rights, displacement, needs of vulnerable populations, access to rights and services, safety, freedom of movement, and occurrences of issues involving Gender Based Violence (GBV), Child Protection (CP), explosive hazards and Housing Land and Property (HLP), in order to identify persons in need of assistance, inform the humanitarian response and advocate for the protection of civilians. CBPM also serves as an evidence-base for design and implementation of protection programs. The methodology used has been jointly developed with the Afghanistan Protection Cluster (APC) and includes standardized data collection tools (HH, KII and FGDs). To monitor and compare the protection environment of girls, boys, men, and women, the data is disaggregated by age and gender that identifies adolescents, youth, and elderly, as well as population groups (i.e., refugees, refugee returnees, undocumented returnees, IDPs, IDP returnees, host communities).

The 2024 Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) in Romania is a comprehensive regional assessment conducted from May to July 2024, focusing on the needs of refugees in Romania, particularly those from Ukraine. This multi-sectoral survey aims to capture key data on refugees' socio-economic integration, access to national systems, and their priorities for the coming year, providing valuable insights to inform the 2025 Refugee Response Plan (RRP). The survey employs a stratified random sampling method and involves face-to-face and online interviews with refugees, covering topics such as health, education, protection, food security, and livelihoods. The collected data is anonymized and cleaned for use in policy planning and intervention development. The findings highlight gaps in services and provide crucial information on the changing trends in refugees’ needs, contributing to a more targeted and effective response to refugee challenges in Romania.

The 2024 SEIS in Czechia provides a comprehensive assessment of the needs and vulnerabilities of refugees from Ukraine. Conducted as part of the annual interagency regional process led by UNHCR, the survey supports the Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRP) for the Ukraine Situation. By addressing key areas such as protection, health, education, shelter, livelihoods, and food security, it delivers essential data to inform evidence-based planning and ensure the diverse needs of refugee groups are met. Data collection took place from May to July 2024 and followed a purposive sampling approach. While not random, the methodology was designed to reflect the geographical and gender distribution of the refugee population using Temporary Protection (TP) data from the Ministry of Interior. Enumerators worked within these parameters, using the snowball method to identify respondents who matched the criteria. The survey was a collaborative effort by UNHCR and the International Organization for Migration. Its findings will inform strategic planning and resource allocation to improve the welfare and resilience of refugees in Czechia.

The 2024 Regional Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) provides critical data to inform the 2025 Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRP), supporting strategic planning and funding allocation to address regional needs. This consolidated dataset includes comprehensive information from Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia, covering essential topics such as demographics, protection, education, socio-economic inclusion and livelihoods, health, and accommodation. By synthesizing data from these ten countries, the SEIS offers a detailed view of key areas impacting refugee and host communities, supporting evidence-based decisions for targeted interventions and resource mobilization across the region.

The 2024 Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) in Slovakia provides a comprehensive assessment of the needs and vulnerabilities of refugees from Ukraine. Conducted as part of an annual interagency regional process led by UNHCR, this assessment supports the Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRP) for the Ukraine Situation. Covering topics such as protection, health, education, shelter, livelihoods, and food security, the survey offers critical data to inform evidence-based planning and prioritization, ensuring the specific needs of different refugee groups are addressed. Data collection was conducted through face-to-face interviews from May to July 2024 with a probability-based random sample of refugee households, managed collaboratively by UNHCR and the International Organization for Migration. Findings will guide strategic interventions and resource allocation to enhance the welfare and resilience of the refugee population in Slovakia.

The 2023 Results Monitoring Survey (RMS) in the Republic of Congo aimed to monitor key impact and outcome indicators related to education, healthcare, livelihoods, protection concerns, shelter, and water and sanitation for refugees and asylum seekers. The survey was conducted between January 17 and February 9, 2023, targeting 1,900 households across Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, Likouala, and Cuvette. The survey achieved interviews with 1,473 households (77.53% coverage), with data collected through Computer-Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI). The results contribute to an evidence base for UNHCR’s multi-year strategies in the country.

The 2024 Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) in Moldova, conducted by UNHCR in partnership with REACH, provides essential data on the needs of refugees and third-country nationals displaced from Ukraine. Building on the 2023 Multi-Sectoral Needs Assessment (MSNA), this household-level survey collected insights on protection, food security, education, livelihoods, health, and socio-economic inclusion to inform humanitarian planning and decision-making. A total of 622 in-person interviews were conducted across Moldova (excluding the Transnistrian region) between June 3 and July 12, 2024. The survey used purposive and respondent-assisted sampling to capture household and individual-level data on living conditions, access to services, and integration challenges. This anonymized dataset supports stakeholders in addressing the needs of displaced populations and promoting integration and access to essential services in Moldova.

The Results-Monitoring Survey (RMS) was conducted by UNHCR South Sudan in the last quarter of 2022 to serve as a pilot tool for measuring country operations' results regarding internally displaced persons (IDPs). Using computer-assisted personal interviews, around 4,634 questionnaires were carried out proportionally across eight states. The target was IDPs in camps and non-camp settings, including hard-to-reach areas. A simple random sampling method was used to allow generalizability and minimize bias. The questionnaire was tailored to the local context while drawing from the standard RMS instrument. Sample sizes were calculated for states and counties based on displacement figures and partner presence. A 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error determined the state samples. The county samples used 90% confidence and 5% margins given the need for greater precision at lower administrative levels. Total target was 5,309 households, allocated proportionally. High response rate (97%) exceeded targets in some counties. The pilot provides baseline data on results indicators to track over time. Key aspects were representative sampling, localized questionnaire, sufficient sample size, and community access enabling quality data for ongoing monitoring.

The UNHCR Results Monitoring Survey (RMS) in Mozambique, conducted from February 27, 2023, to April 7, 2024, by CS Research and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, assessed the impact in areas such as Health and Nutrition, Water Sanitation Hygiene, Protection, and Education among refugees, asylum-seekers, and IDPs. Covering regions like Cabo Delgado and Nampula, the survey employed mixed sampling methods, including phone surveys (CATI) for widespread geographical coverage, excluding Nampula City and Maratane Camp, and face-to-face interviews (CAPI) in specified areas. This approach, integrating non-probabilistic and probabilistic techniques, and stratified by gender, provided comprehensive data, crucial for UNHCR’s strategic planning and reporting in Mozambique.

A multi-sectoral needs assessment was conducted in Poland between July 13, 2023 and August 25, 2023, surveying 5,645 households comprising 13,421 individuals. The assessment aimed to capture the needs of refugees in Poland, understand their level of access to basic services, how their needs are currently being met, gaps in services, and priorities for the refugee response in the coming year. Key findings will inform the 2024 Regional Refugee Response Plan for Poland, providing critical data on priorities and funding requirements to support refugees. With 5,645 households surveyed across multiple sectors, the assessment provides a robust evidence base to shape a more effective, responsive refugee program in Poland.

The project considers five pairs of countries: the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)/Uganda, Ethiopia/Somalia, Lebanon/Syria, Myanmar/Thailand, and Pakistan/Afghanistan. Research was conducted with partners in the primary focus country of each pair of countries (the first mentioned). This research was attentive to the cross-border dynamics of the protracted displacement economy with the other countries in each pair (the second mentioned). A household survey approach comprising a baseline survey and one follow-up panel survey (except in Myanmar which only had the baseline survey) was a central part of this project’s research.   The 15 research locations (three each from the five primary focus countries) were purposively selected, making sure that both cities and camps providing refuge to the displaced are included, and that there is data for a sampling frame (i.e. a list of all households to be studied) and that the sites are accessible to the researchers. Locations were selected to avoid an exclusive focus on displaced people. In camps (which are exclusive to displaced people), a portion of the local community outside the camp was also surveyed. The purpose was to collect a survey dataset for intra- and cross-country comparisons. Focus groups informed the design of the initial survey instrument, ensuring that questions were as comprehensible as possible and relevant to the local context. The survey instrument comprised a core section that was used across all five countries, with short country- and location-specific additions to reflect the concerns of local stakeholders. The instrument was designed jointly by UK researchers and international partners in English and then translated by international partners into nine other languages. The survey was conducted using tablets and the open-source Kobo Toolkit software with multi-language capability. The questions covered standard short measures of: gender, age, multidimensional poverty and wellbeing, displacement/mobility history, livelihoods, social care, and other support including non-financial support. In addition to these household-level questions, individual questions were included for the respondents on attitudes about contacts with neighbors, collective organisation, sources of emotional support, and plans and hopes for the future. Questions shared across all countries have standard responses which maximise the potential for intra- and cross-country comparison of this dataset.  The survey considered the entire displacement-affected community. The baseline survey in 2021 included 14504 households selected randomly in each of the 15 locations. The selection of individuals from within a household to respond to the questionnaire was fully random, stratified by sex. Two years after the baseline survey, in 2023, 1779 households were re-surveyed in four countries (a repeat survey was not done in Myanmar).

The data was collected using the High Frequency Survey (HFS). The survey allowes for better reaching populations of interest with remote modalities (phone interviews and self-administered surveys online) and improved sampling guidance and strategies. It includes a set of standardized regional core questions while allowing for operation-specific customizations. The core questions revolve around populations of interest's demographic profile, difficulties during their journey, specific protection needs, access to documentation and regularization, health access, coverage of basic needs, coping capacity and negative mechanisms used, and well-being and local integration. The data collected has been used by countries in their protection monitoring analysis and vulnerability analysis.

The Community-Based Assessment (CBA) in South Sudan, 2024 evaluates the capacity of high-return locations in South Sudan to absorb additional populations. This assessment employed a mixed-methods approach, including quantitative household surveys, qualitative assessments, and infrastructure evaluations. Data collection was conducted between May and September 2024 through face-to-face interviews in selected payams across Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Eastern Equatoria, Central Equatoria, and Western Bahr el Ghazal. The dataset comprises anonymized household and infrastructure survey data, with stratified random sampling used to ensure representation across returnees, host communities, internally displaced persons (IDPs), and refugees. The study explores key humanitarian themes, including health, water sanitation and hygiene (WASH), education, and housing, land, and property (HLP). The collected data aims to inform operational planning, self-reliance programs, and service provision strategies for displaced and returning populations. The dataset provides valuable insights to support evidence-based decision-making and improve response strategies for communities affected by displacement in South Sudan.

The Americas have experienced a significant number of mixed movements, in which individuals and groups engage in human mobility using similar routes and means of transport for various reasons. The diverse population includes asylum-seekers, refugees, victims of human trafficking, unaccompanied and separated children, stateless persons, and migrants in vulnerable situations, among others. To understand these dynamics, UNHCR and WFP launched a regional monitoring project in 2023, aiming to identify trends, profiles, and protection and food security needs of those on the move. Since the second quarter of 2024, UNICEF joined the project, contributing to data collection and analysis, particularly on child-related indicators around nutrition, health, education, primary needs, and humanitarian assistance received. Accurate data is crucial for informing evidence-based decision-making about responses, discussions in UN forums, and regional collaboration. The data collected focused on the drivers of human mobility, profiles of individuals on the move, risks encountered along the journey, conditions in transit countries, food security, child protection, and intentions. The insights gathered helped to effectively shape policies and enhance humanitarian efforts. Mixed Movement Monitoring reports can be found at this link: https://data.unhcr.org/en/working-group/475

The Americas have experienced a significant number of mixed movements, in which individuals and groups engage in human mobility using similar routes and means of transport for various reasons. The diverse population includes asylum-seekers, refugees, victims of human trafficking, unaccompanied and separated children, stateless persons, and migrants in vulnerable situations, among others. To understand these dynamics, UNHCR and WFP launched a regional monitoring project in 2023, aiming to identify trends, profiles, and protection and food security needs of those on the move. Since the second quarter of 2024, UNICEF joined the project, contributing to data collection and analysis, particularly on child-related indicators around nutrition, health, education, primary needs, and humanitarian assistance received. Accurate data is crucial for informing evidence-based decision-making about responses, discussions in UN forums, and regional collaboration. The data collected focused on the drivers of human mobility, profiles of individuals on the move, risks encountered along the journey, conditions in transit countries, food security, child protection, and intentions. The insights gathered helped to effectively shape policies and enhance humanitarian efforts. Mixed Movement Monitoring reports can be found at this link: https://data.unhcr.org/en/working-group/475

The Americas have experienced a significant number of mixed movements, in which individuals and groups engage in human mobility using similar routes and means of transport for various reasons. The diverse population includes asylum-seekers, refugees, victims of human trafficking, unaccompanied and separated children, stateless persons, and migrants in vulnerable situations, among others. To understand these dynamics, UNHCR and WFP launched a regional monitoring project in 2023, aiming to identify trends, profiles, and protection and food security needs of those on the move. Since the second quarter of 2024, UNICEF joined the project, contributing to data collection and analysis, particularly on child-related indicators around nutrition, health, education, primary needs, and humanitarian assistance received. Accurate data is crucial for informing evidence-based decision-making about responses, discussions in UN forums, and regional collaboration. The data collected focused on the drivers of human mobility, profiles of individuals on the move, risks encountered along the journey, conditions in transit countries, food security, child protection, and intentions. The insights gathered helped to effectively shape policies and enhance humanitarian efforts. Mixed Movement Monitoring reports can be found at this link: https://data.unhcr.org/en/working-group/475

The Americas have experienced a significant number of mixed movements, in which individuals and groups engage in human mobility using similar routes and means of transport for various reasons. The diverse population includes asylum-seekers, refugees, victims of human trafficking, unaccompanied and separated children, stateless persons, and migrants in vulnerable situations, among others. To understand these dynamics, UNHCR and WFP launched a regional monitoring project in 2023, aiming to identify trends, profiles, and protection and food security needs of those on the move. Since the second quarter of 2024, UNICEF joined the project, contributing to data collection and analysis, particularly on child-related indicators around nutrition, health, education, primary needs, and humanitarian assistance received. Accurate data is crucial for informing evidence-based decision-making about responses, discussions in UN forums, and regional collaboration. The data collected focused on the drivers of human mobility, profiles of individuals on the move, risks encountered along the journey, conditions in transit countries, food security, child protection, and intentions. The insights gathered helped to effectively shape policies and enhance humanitarian efforts. Mixed Movement Monitoring reports can be found at this link: https://data.unhcr.org/en/working-group/475

The Americas have experienced a significant number of mixed movements, in which individuals and groups engage in human mobility using similar routes and means of transport for various reasons. The diverse population includes asylum-seekers, refugees, victims of human trafficking, unaccompanied and separated children, stateless persons, and migrants in vulnerable situations, among others. To understand these dynamics, UNHCR and WFP launched a regional monitoring project in 2023, aiming to identify trends, profiles, and protection and food security needs of those on the move. Since the second quarter of 2024, UNICEF joined the project, contributing to data collection and analysis, particularly on child-related indicators around nutrition, health, education, primary needs, and humanitarian assistance received. Accurate data is crucial for informing evidence-based decision-making about responses, discussions in UN forums, and regional collaboration. The data collected focused on the drivers of human mobility, profiles of individuals on the move, risks encountered along the journey, conditions in transit countries, food security, child protection, and intentions. The insights gathered helped to effectively shape policies and enhance humanitarian efforts. Mixed Movement Monitoring reports can be found at this link: https://data.unhcr.org/en/working-group/475

This survey is part of a broader regional data collection effort across RRP countries, with a harmonized design to identify the most pressing needs of Ukrainian refugees in sectors such as protection, health, education, accommodation, and livelihoods. The SEIS is the direct successor of the Multi-Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA) conducted in Hungary and across the region in the past two years (2022 Hungary MSNA, 2023 Hungary MSNA). The 2024 Hungary SEIS was funded by UNHCR's Representation for Central Europe and developed in the RCF with contributions from partners and working group members. Scale Research carried out the data collection between May and June 2024, surveying 795 households, representing 1,824 household members among the refugee population from Ukraine. The survey included multi-sectoral questions at both individual and household levels.

The 2024 Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) in Estonia provides a comprehensive assessment of the needs and vulnerabilities of refugees from Ukraine. Conducted as part of an annual interagency regional process led by UNHCR, this assessment supports the Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRP) for the Ukraine Situation. Covering topics such as protection, health, education, shelter, livelihoods, and food security, the survey offers critical data to inform evidence-based planning and prioritization, ensuring the specific needs of different refugee groups are addressed. Data collection was conducted through face-to-face interviews from May to July 2024 with a probability-based random sample of refugee households, managed collaboratively by UNHCR and the International Organization for Migration. Findings will guide strategic interventions and resource allocation to enhance the welfare and resilience of the refugee population in Estonia.

The 2024 Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) in Lithuania, conducted under the Regional Refugee Response Plan for the Ukraine Situation, provides a detailed analysis of the socio-economic conditions of Ukrainian refugees in Lithuania. Covering 638 households and 1,445 individuals, the survey employed purposive sampling and in-person Kobo-based interviews. It focused on areas such as demographics, protection, education, socio-economic inclusion, health, and accommodation. Data collection, carried out between May and June 2024 by the Lithuanian Red Cross and the International Organization for Migration, offers valuable insights into refugee needs, challenges, and integration trends. Findings aim to guide strategic planning and resource allocation to address service gaps and enhance refugee support in Lithuania.

The 2024 Latvia Socio-Economic Insights Survey (SEIS) provides key insights into the socio-economic conditions of refugees from Ukraine residing in Latvia. Conducted under the Regional Refugee Response Plan for the Ukraine Situation, the survey focuses on areas such as protection, education, health, livelihoods, and social cohesion, offering essential data to guide planning and resource allocation. The anonymized dataset ensures respondent privacy and supports evidence-based decision-making. Data collection was implemented by UNHCR's partner, Gribu Palīdzēt Bēgļiem, in collaboration with SKDS.