The dataset contains information on IDPs and returnees at the subnational level.

The Registered IDP Area Baseline Assessment provides regular data on the number and geographic location of officially registered internally displaced people (IDPs). The data collected for the Area Baseline Assessment Round 39 reflects the officially registered internally displaced population (IDP) displaced since 24 February 2022, as of 31 December 2024, across 23 oblasts and Kyiv City, as recorded by IOM.

The dataset contains IDPs, Returnees and Refugees at sub national level with information on IDPs in camps and host communities. IOM set up and rolled out the first round of the DTM in November 2015 with the objective of providing regular, accurate and updated information on displaced populations within the Far North region of Cameroon to better support the response of the Government of Cameroon and the humanitarian community.

The dataset contains IDPs individuals and households at admin2 level. IOM has been developing a Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) since May 2015 aimed at effectively monitoring and evaluating the flows of Burundian IDPs and providing accurate information on the current IDP situation. The DTM in Burundi has been successfully used in 2014, upon the request of the humanitarian community and the GoB when some areas of Bujumbura were flooded, which caused displacement. This tool allowed registering IDPs in four IDP sites and in host families in four locations and identifying their humanitarian needs. The dataset includes returnees from abroad who are still displaced in the country. They are categorized as IDPs due to their continued displacement within the country.

The dataset contains number of migrants in Libya at sub national level. The dataset also contains nationality of the migrants and their needs.

A baseline assessment is a sub-component of mobility tracking. It aims to collect data on IDP, migrant or returnee population presence in a defined administrative area of the country.

The dataset contains number of people displaced and returnees at village level in North Kivu province. The dataset also contains needs of the displaced and returned people, reason and time of displacement.

The dataset contains IDPs, returnees at sub national level. The dataset also has reason of displacement, origin and dates of multiple displacements. The context of displacement in Mali remains complex and fluid. Movements of IDPs currently residing in the southern regions to the northern regions continue to be reported. While some have indicated that they have returned definitively, other IDPs say they travel back and forth between the place of travel and the place of origin.

The dataset contains number of IDPs and Households at quartier level.

This dataset provides detailed information on road surfaces from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, distinguishing between **paved** and **unpaved** surfaces across the region. This information is based on road surface prediction derived from hybrid deep learning approach. For more information on Methods, refer to the [paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19874) Roughly 0.1691 million km of roads are mapped in OSM in this region. Based on AI-mapped estimates the share of paved and unpaved roads is approximately 0.0696 and 0.0099 (in million kms), corressponding to 41.182% and 5.8528% respectively of the total road length in the dataset region. 0.0896 million km or 52.9652% of road surface information is missing in OSM. In order to fill this gap, Mapillary derived road surface dataset provides an additional 0.0013 million km of information (corressponding to 1.451% of total missing information on road surface) It is intended for use in transportation planning, infrastructure analysis, climate emissions and geographic information system (GIS) applications. This dataset provides comprehensive information on road and urban area features, including location, surface quality, and classification metadata. This dataset includes attributes from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, AI predictions for road surface, and urban classifications. AI features: pred_class: Model-predicted class for the road surface, with values "paved" or "unpaved." pred_label: Binary label associated with pred_class (0 = paved, 1 = unpaved). osm_surface_class: Classification of the surface type from OSM, categorized as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_osm_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing the OSM surface tag, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_DL_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing DL prediction pred_label, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." n_of_predictions_used: Number of predictions used for the feature length estimation. predicted_length: Predicted length based on the DL model’s estimations, in meters. DL_mean_timestamp: Mean timestamp of the predictions used, for comparison. OSM features may have these attributes(Learn what tags mean here): name: Name of the feature, if available in OSM. name:en: Name of the feature in English, if available in OSM. name:* (in local language): Name of the feature in the local official language, where available. highway: Road classification based on OSM tags (e.g., residential, motorway, footway). surface: Description of the surface material of the road (e.g., asphalt, gravel, dirt). smoothness: Assessment of surface smoothness (e.g., excellent, good, intermediate, bad). width: Width of the road, where available. lanes: Number of lanes on the road. oneway: Indicates if the road is one-way (yes or no). bridge: Specifies if the feature is a bridge (yes or no). layer: Indicates the layer of the feature in cases where multiple features are stacked (e.g., bridges, tunnels). source: Source of the data, indicating the origin or authority of specific attributes. Urban classification features may have these attributes: continent: The continent where the data point is located (e.g., Europe, Asia). country_iso_a2: The ISO Alpha-2 code representing the country (e.g., "US" for the United States). urban: Binary indicator for urban areas based on the GHSU Urban Layer 2019. (0 = rural, 1 = urban) urban_area: Name of the urban area or city where the data point is located. osm_id: Unique identifier assigned by OpenStreetMap (OSM) to each feature. osm_type: Type of OSM element (e.g., node, way, relation). The data originates from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and is augmented with model predictions using images downloaded from Mapillary in combination with the GHSU Global Human Settlement Urban Layer 2019 and AFRICAPOLIS2020 urban layer. This dataset is one of many HeiGIT exports on HDX. See the HeiGIT website for more information. We are looking forward to hearing about your use-case! Feel free to reach out to us and tell us about your research at communications@heigit.org – we would be happy to amplify your work.

The increase of security incidents in northern Mozambique since 2017 resulted in population displacement as well as subsequent humanitarian needs in virtually every humanitarian sector. To better understand the scope of displacement and needs of displaced populations, and in light of the intensification of the situation, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) activated its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) in the Cabo Delgado province in February 2019.

The dataset contains IDPs, Returnees and host community at sub-national level.

The datasets cover the period of 21 June - 30 December and includes the states mostly affected by displacement including Benue,Nasarawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Plateau, Sokoto and Zamfara.

This dataset provides detailed information on road surfaces from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, distinguishing between **paved** and **unpaved** surfaces across the region. This information is based on road surface prediction derived from hybrid deep learning approach. For more information on Methods, refer to the [paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19874) Roughly 0.1237 million km of roads are mapped in OSM in this region. Based on AI-mapped estimates the share of paved and unpaved roads is approximately 0.0084 and 0.0079 (in million kms), corressponding to 6.7686% and 6.3892% respectively of the total road length in the dataset region. 0.1075 million km or 86.8422% of road surface information is missing in OSM. In order to fill this gap, Mapillary derived road surface dataset provides an additional 0.0006 million km of information (corressponding to 0.586% of total missing information on road surface) It is intended for use in transportation planning, infrastructure analysis, climate emissions and geographic information system (GIS) applications. This dataset provides comprehensive information on road and urban area features, including location, surface quality, and classification metadata. This dataset includes attributes from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, AI predictions for road surface, and urban classifications. AI features: pred_class: Model-predicted class for the road surface, with values "paved" or "unpaved." pred_label: Binary label associated with pred_class (0 = paved, 1 = unpaved). osm_surface_class: Classification of the surface type from OSM, categorized as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_osm_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing the OSM surface tag, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_DL_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing DL prediction pred_label, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." n_of_predictions_used: Number of predictions used for the feature length estimation. predicted_length: Predicted length based on the DL model’s estimations, in meters. DL_mean_timestamp: Mean timestamp of the predictions used, for comparison. OSM features may have these attributes(Learn what tags mean here): name: Name of the feature, if available in OSM. name:en: Name of the feature in English, if available in OSM. name:* (in local language): Name of the feature in the local official language, where available. highway: Road classification based on OSM tags (e.g., residential, motorway, footway). surface: Description of the surface material of the road (e.g., asphalt, gravel, dirt). smoothness: Assessment of surface smoothness (e.g., excellent, good, intermediate, bad). width: Width of the road, where available. lanes: Number of lanes on the road. oneway: Indicates if the road is one-way (yes or no). bridge: Specifies if the feature is a bridge (yes or no). layer: Indicates the layer of the feature in cases where multiple features are stacked (e.g., bridges, tunnels). source: Source of the data, indicating the origin or authority of specific attributes. Urban classification features may have these attributes: continent: The continent where the data point is located (e.g., Europe, Asia). country_iso_a2: The ISO Alpha-2 code representing the country (e.g., "US" for the United States). urban: Binary indicator for urban areas based on the GHSU Urban Layer 2019. (0 = rural, 1 = urban) urban_area: Name of the urban area or city where the data point is located. osm_id: Unique identifier assigned by OpenStreetMap (OSM) to each feature. osm_type: Type of OSM element (e.g., node, way, relation). The data originates from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and is augmented with model predictions using images downloaded from Mapillary in combination with the GHSU Global Human Settlement Urban Layer 2019 and AFRICAPOLIS2020 urban layer. This dataset is one of many HeiGIT exports on HDX. See the HeiGIT website for more information. We are looking forward to hearing about your use-case! Feel free to reach out to us and tell us about your research at communications@heigit.org – we would be happy to amplify your work.

This dataset provides detailed information on road surfaces from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, distinguishing between **paved** and **unpaved** surfaces across the region. This information is based on road surface prediction derived from hybrid deep learning approach. For more information on Methods, refer to the [paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19874) Roughly 1.4803 million km of roads are mapped in OSM in this region. Based on AI-mapped estimates the share of paved and unpaved roads is approximately 0.3769 and 0.2051 (in million kms), corressponding to 25.4635% and 13.8563% respectively of the total road length in the dataset region. 0.8983 million km or 60.6802% of road surface information is missing in OSM. In order to fill this gap, Mapillary derived road surface dataset provides an additional 0.0047 million km of information (corressponding to 0.5263% of total missing information on road surface) It is intended for use in transportation planning, infrastructure analysis, climate emissions and geographic information system (GIS) applications. This dataset provides comprehensive information on road and urban area features, including location, surface quality, and classification metadata. This dataset includes attributes from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, AI predictions for road surface, and urban classifications. AI features: pred_class: Model-predicted class for the road surface, with values "paved" or "unpaved." pred_label: Binary label associated with pred_class (0 = paved, 1 = unpaved). osm_surface_class: Classification of the surface type from OSM, categorized as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_osm_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing the OSM surface tag, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_DL_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing DL prediction pred_label, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." n_of_predictions_used: Number of predictions used for the feature length estimation. predicted_length: Predicted length based on the DL model’s estimations, in meters. DL_mean_timestamp: Mean timestamp of the predictions used, for comparison. OSM features may have these attributes(Learn what tags mean here): name: Name of the feature, if available in OSM. name:en: Name of the feature in English, if available in OSM. name:* (in local language): Name of the feature in the local official language, where available. highway: Road classification based on OSM tags (e.g., residential, motorway, footway). surface: Description of the surface material of the road (e.g., asphalt, gravel, dirt). smoothness: Assessment of surface smoothness (e.g., excellent, good, intermediate, bad). width: Width of the road, where available. lanes: Number of lanes on the road. oneway: Indicates if the road is one-way (yes or no). bridge: Specifies if the feature is a bridge (yes or no). layer: Indicates the layer of the feature in cases where multiple features are stacked (e.g., bridges, tunnels). source: Source of the data, indicating the origin or authority of specific attributes. Urban classification features may have these attributes: continent: The continent where the data point is located (e.g., Europe, Asia). country_iso_a2: The ISO Alpha-2 code representing the country (e.g., "US" for the United States). urban: Binary indicator for urban areas based on the GHSU Urban Layer 2019. (0 = rural, 1 = urban) urban_area: Name of the urban area or city where the data point is located. osm_id: Unique identifier assigned by OpenStreetMap (OSM) to each feature. osm_type: Type of OSM element (e.g., node, way, relation). The data originates from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and is augmented with model predictions using images downloaded from Mapillary in combination with the GHSU Global Human Settlement Urban Layer 2019 and AFRICAPOLIS2020 urban layer. This dataset is one of many HeiGIT exports on HDX. See the HeiGIT website for more information. We are looking forward to hearing about your use-case! Feel free to reach out to us and tell us about your research at communications@heigit.org – we would be happy to amplify your work.

This dataset provides detailed information on road surfaces from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, distinguishing between **paved** and **unpaved** surfaces across the region. This information is based on road surface prediction derived from hybrid deep learning approach. For more information on Methods, refer to the [paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19874) Roughly 0.0014 million km of roads are mapped in OSM in this region. Based on AI-mapped estimates the share of paved and unpaved roads is approximately 0.0002 and 0.0001 (in million kms), corressponding to 10.8132% and 3.9969% respectively of the total road length in the dataset region. 0.0012 million km or 85.1899% of road surface information is missing in OSM. In order to fill this gap, Mapillary derived road surface dataset provides an additional 0.0 million km of information (corressponding to 0.0% of total missing information on road surface) It is intended for use in transportation planning, infrastructure analysis, climate emissions and geographic information system (GIS) applications. This dataset provides comprehensive information on road and urban area features, including location, surface quality, and classification metadata. This dataset includes attributes from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, AI predictions for road surface, and urban classifications. AI features: pred_class: Model-predicted class for the road surface, with values "paved" or "unpaved." pred_label: Binary label associated with pred_class (0 = paved, 1 = unpaved). osm_surface_class: Classification of the surface type from OSM, categorized as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_osm_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing the OSM surface tag, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_DL_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing DL prediction pred_label, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." n_of_predictions_used: Number of predictions used for the feature length estimation. predicted_length: Predicted length based on the DL model’s estimations, in meters. DL_mean_timestamp: Mean timestamp of the predictions used, for comparison. OSM features may have these attributes(Learn what tags mean here): name: Name of the feature, if available in OSM. name:en: Name of the feature in English, if available in OSM. name:* (in local language): Name of the feature in the local official language, where available. highway: Road classification based on OSM tags (e.g., residential, motorway, footway). surface: Description of the surface material of the road (e.g., asphalt, gravel, dirt). smoothness: Assessment of surface smoothness (e.g., excellent, good, intermediate, bad). width: Width of the road, where available. lanes: Number of lanes on the road. oneway: Indicates if the road is one-way (yes or no). bridge: Specifies if the feature is a bridge (yes or no). layer: Indicates the layer of the feature in cases where multiple features are stacked (e.g., bridges, tunnels). source: Source of the data, indicating the origin or authority of specific attributes. Urban classification features may have these attributes: continent: The continent where the data point is located (e.g., Europe, Asia). country_iso_a2: The ISO Alpha-2 code representing the country (e.g., "US" for the United States). urban: Binary indicator for urban areas based on the GHSU Urban Layer 2019. (0 = rural, 1 = urban) urban_area: Name of the urban area or city where the data point is located. osm_id: Unique identifier assigned by OpenStreetMap (OSM) to each feature. osm_type: Type of OSM element (e.g., node, way, relation). The data originates from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and is augmented with model predictions using images downloaded from Mapillary in combination with the GHSU Global Human Settlement Urban Layer 2019 and AFRICAPOLIS2020 urban layer. This dataset is one of many HeiGIT exports on HDX. See the HeiGIT website for more information. We are looking forward to hearing about your use-case! Feel free to reach out to us and tell us about your research at communications@heigit.org – we would be happy to amplify your work.

This dataset provides detailed information on road surfaces from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, distinguishing between **paved** and **unpaved** surfaces across the region. This information is based on road surface prediction derived from hybrid deep learning approach. For more information on Methods, refer to the [paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19874) Roughly 0.1226 million km of roads are mapped in OSM in this region. Based on AI-mapped estimates the share of paved and unpaved roads is approximately 0.0086 and 0.0133 (in million kms), corressponding to 7.0293% and 10.8203% respectively of the total road length in the dataset region. 0.1007 million km or 82.1504% of road surface information is missing in OSM. In order to fill this gap, Mapillary derived road surface dataset provides an additional 0.0012 million km of information (corressponding to 1.1915% of total missing information on road surface) It is intended for use in transportation planning, infrastructure analysis, climate emissions and geographic information system (GIS) applications. This dataset provides comprehensive information on road and urban area features, including location, surface quality, and classification metadata. This dataset includes attributes from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, AI predictions for road surface, and urban classifications. AI features: pred_class: Model-predicted class for the road surface, with values "paved" or "unpaved." pred_label: Binary label associated with pred_class (0 = paved, 1 = unpaved). osm_surface_class: Classification of the surface type from OSM, categorized as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_osm_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing the OSM surface tag, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_DL_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing DL prediction pred_label, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." n_of_predictions_used: Number of predictions used for the feature length estimation. predicted_length: Predicted length based on the DL model’s estimations, in meters. DL_mean_timestamp: Mean timestamp of the predictions used, for comparison. OSM features may have these attributes(Learn what tags mean here): name: Name of the feature, if available in OSM. name:en: Name of the feature in English, if available in OSM. name:* (in local language): Name of the feature in the local official language, where available. highway: Road classification based on OSM tags (e.g., residential, motorway, footway). surface: Description of the surface material of the road (e.g., asphalt, gravel, dirt). smoothness: Assessment of surface smoothness (e.g., excellent, good, intermediate, bad). width: Width of the road, where available. lanes: Number of lanes on the road. oneway: Indicates if the road is one-way (yes or no). bridge: Specifies if the feature is a bridge (yes or no). layer: Indicates the layer of the feature in cases where multiple features are stacked (e.g., bridges, tunnels). source: Source of the data, indicating the origin or authority of specific attributes. Urban classification features may have these attributes: continent: The continent where the data point is located (e.g., Europe, Asia). country_iso_a2: The ISO Alpha-2 code representing the country (e.g., "US" for the United States). urban: Binary indicator for urban areas based on the GHSU Urban Layer 2019. (0 = rural, 1 = urban) urban_area: Name of the urban area or city where the data point is located. osm_id: Unique identifier assigned by OpenStreetMap (OSM) to each feature. osm_type: Type of OSM element (e.g., node, way, relation). The data originates from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and is augmented with model predictions using images downloaded from Mapillary in combination with the GHSU Global Human Settlement Urban Layer 2019 and AFRICAPOLIS2020 urban layer. This dataset is one of many HeiGIT exports on HDX. See the HeiGIT website for more information. We are looking forward to hearing about your use-case! Feel free to reach out to us and tell us about your research at communications@heigit.org – we would be happy to amplify your work.

This dataset provides detailed information on road surfaces from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, distinguishing between **paved** and **unpaved** surfaces across the region. This information is based on road surface prediction derived from hybrid deep learning approach. For more information on Methods, refer to the [paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19874) Roughly 0.0013 million km of roads are mapped in OSM in this region. Based on AI-mapped estimates the share of paved and unpaved roads is approximately 0.0006 and 0.0001 (in million kms), corressponding to 44.4544% and 11.2305% respectively of the total road length in the dataset region. 0.0006 million km or 44.3151% of road surface information is missing in OSM. In order to fill this gap, Mapillary derived road surface dataset provides an additional 0.0 million km of information (corressponding to 2.1131% of total missing information on road surface) It is intended for use in transportation planning, infrastructure analysis, climate emissions and geographic information system (GIS) applications. This dataset provides comprehensive information on road and urban area features, including location, surface quality, and classification metadata. This dataset includes attributes from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, AI predictions for road surface, and urban classifications. AI features: pred_class: Model-predicted class for the road surface, with values "paved" or "unpaved." pred_label: Binary label associated with pred_class (0 = paved, 1 = unpaved). osm_surface_class: Classification of the surface type from OSM, categorized as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_osm_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing the OSM surface tag, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_DL_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing DL prediction pred_label, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." n_of_predictions_used: Number of predictions used for the feature length estimation. predicted_length: Predicted length based on the DL model’s estimations, in meters. DL_mean_timestamp: Mean timestamp of the predictions used, for comparison. OSM features may have these attributes(Learn what tags mean here): name: Name of the feature, if available in OSM. name:en: Name of the feature in English, if available in OSM. name:* (in local language): Name of the feature in the local official language, where available. highway: Road classification based on OSM tags (e.g., residential, motorway, footway). surface: Description of the surface material of the road (e.g., asphalt, gravel, dirt). smoothness: Assessment of surface smoothness (e.g., excellent, good, intermediate, bad). width: Width of the road, where available. lanes: Number of lanes on the road. oneway: Indicates if the road is one-way (yes or no). bridge: Specifies if the feature is a bridge (yes or no). layer: Indicates the layer of the feature in cases where multiple features are stacked (e.g., bridges, tunnels). source: Source of the data, indicating the origin or authority of specific attributes. Urban classification features may have these attributes: continent: The continent where the data point is located (e.g., Europe, Asia). country_iso_a2: The ISO Alpha-2 code representing the country (e.g., "US" for the United States). urban: Binary indicator for urban areas based on the GHSU Urban Layer 2019. (0 = rural, 1 = urban) urban_area: Name of the urban area or city where the data point is located. osm_id: Unique identifier assigned by OpenStreetMap (OSM) to each feature. osm_type: Type of OSM element (e.g., node, way, relation). The data originates from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and is augmented with model predictions using images downloaded from Mapillary in combination with the GHSU Global Human Settlement Urban Layer 2019 and AFRICAPOLIS2020 urban layer. This dataset is one of many HeiGIT exports on HDX. See the HeiGIT website for more information. We are looking forward to hearing about your use-case! Feel free to reach out to us and tell us about your research at communications@heigit.org – we would be happy to amplify your work.

This dataset provides detailed information on road surfaces from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, distinguishing between **paved** and **unpaved** surfaces across the region. This information is based on road surface prediction derived from hybrid deep learning approach. For more information on Methods, refer to the [paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19874) Roughly 0.5261 million km of roads are mapped in OSM in this region. Based on AI-mapped estimates the share of paved and unpaved roads is approximately 0.0059 and 0.0688 (in million kms), corressponding to 1.113% and 13.0681% respectively of the total road length in the dataset region. 0.4515 million km or 85.8189% of road surface information is missing in OSM. In order to fill this gap, Mapillary derived road surface dataset provides an additional 0.0004 million km of information (corressponding to 0.0791% of total missing information on road surface) It is intended for use in transportation planning, infrastructure analysis, climate emissions and geographic information system (GIS) applications. This dataset provides comprehensive information on road and urban area features, including location, surface quality, and classification metadata. This dataset includes attributes from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, AI predictions for road surface, and urban classifications. AI features: pred_class: Model-predicted class for the road surface, with values "paved" or "unpaved." pred_label: Binary label associated with pred_class (0 = paved, 1 = unpaved). osm_surface_class: Classification of the surface type from OSM, categorized as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_osm_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing the OSM surface tag, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_DL_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing DL prediction pred_label, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." n_of_predictions_used: Number of predictions used for the feature length estimation. predicted_length: Predicted length based on the DL model’s estimations, in meters. DL_mean_timestamp: Mean timestamp of the predictions used, for comparison. OSM features may have these attributes(Learn what tags mean here): name: Name of the feature, if available in OSM. name:en: Name of the feature in English, if available in OSM. name:* (in local language): Name of the feature in the local official language, where available. highway: Road classification based on OSM tags (e.g., residential, motorway, footway). surface: Description of the surface material of the road (e.g., asphalt, gravel, dirt). smoothness: Assessment of surface smoothness (e.g., excellent, good, intermediate, bad). width: Width of the road, where available. lanes: Number of lanes on the road. oneway: Indicates if the road is one-way (yes or no). bridge: Specifies if the feature is a bridge (yes or no). layer: Indicates the layer of the feature in cases where multiple features are stacked (e.g., bridges, tunnels). source: Source of the data, indicating the origin or authority of specific attributes. Urban classification features may have these attributes: continent: The continent where the data point is located (e.g., Europe, Asia). country_iso_a2: The ISO Alpha-2 code representing the country (e.g., "US" for the United States). urban: Binary indicator for urban areas based on the GHSU Urban Layer 2019. (0 = rural, 1 = urban) urban_area: Name of the urban area or city where the data point is located. osm_id: Unique identifier assigned by OpenStreetMap (OSM) to each feature. osm_type: Type of OSM element (e.g., node, way, relation). The data originates from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and is augmented with model predictions using images downloaded from Mapillary in combination with the GHSU Global Human Settlement Urban Layer 2019 and AFRICAPOLIS2020 urban layer. This dataset is one of many HeiGIT exports on HDX. See the HeiGIT website for more information. We are looking forward to hearing about your use-case! Feel free to reach out to us and tell us about your research at communications@heigit.org – we would be happy to amplify your work.

This dataset provides detailed information on road surfaces from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, distinguishing between **paved** and **unpaved** surfaces across the region. This information is based on road surface prediction derived from hybrid deep learning approach. For more information on Methods, refer to the [paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19874) Roughly 0.2325 million km of roads are mapped in OSM in this region. Based on AI-mapped estimates the share of paved and unpaved roads is approximately 0.0993 and 0.0612 (in million kms), corressponding to 42.6968% and 26.3068% respectively of the total road length in the dataset region. 0.0721 million km or 30.9965% of road surface information is missing in OSM. In order to fill this gap, Mapillary derived road surface dataset provides an additional 0.0009 million km of information (corressponding to 1.2582% of total missing information on road surface) It is intended for use in transportation planning, infrastructure analysis, climate emissions and geographic information system (GIS) applications. This dataset provides comprehensive information on road and urban area features, including location, surface quality, and classification metadata. This dataset includes attributes from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, AI predictions for road surface, and urban classifications. AI features: pred_class: Model-predicted class for the road surface, with values "paved" or "unpaved." pred_label: Binary label associated with pred_class (0 = paved, 1 = unpaved). osm_surface_class: Classification of the surface type from OSM, categorized as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_osm_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing the OSM surface tag, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_DL_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing DL prediction pred_label, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." n_of_predictions_used: Number of predictions used for the feature length estimation. predicted_length: Predicted length based on the DL model’s estimations, in meters. DL_mean_timestamp: Mean timestamp of the predictions used, for comparison. OSM features may have these attributes(Learn what tags mean here): name: Name of the feature, if available in OSM. name:en: Name of the feature in English, if available in OSM. name:* (in local language): Name of the feature in the local official language, where available. highway: Road classification based on OSM tags (e.g., residential, motorway, footway). surface: Description of the surface material of the road (e.g., asphalt, gravel, dirt). smoothness: Assessment of surface smoothness (e.g., excellent, good, intermediate, bad). width: Width of the road, where available. lanes: Number of lanes on the road. oneway: Indicates if the road is one-way (yes or no). bridge: Specifies if the feature is a bridge (yes or no). layer: Indicates the layer of the feature in cases where multiple features are stacked (e.g., bridges, tunnels). source: Source of the data, indicating the origin or authority of specific attributes. Urban classification features may have these attributes: continent: The continent where the data point is located (e.g., Europe, Asia). country_iso_a2: The ISO Alpha-2 code representing the country (e.g., "US" for the United States). urban: Binary indicator for urban areas based on the GHSU Urban Layer 2019. (0 = rural, 1 = urban) urban_area: Name of the urban area or city where the data point is located. osm_id: Unique identifier assigned by OpenStreetMap (OSM) to each feature. osm_type: Type of OSM element (e.g., node, way, relation). The data originates from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and is augmented with model predictions using images downloaded from Mapillary in combination with the GHSU Global Human Settlement Urban Layer 2019 and AFRICAPOLIS2020 urban layer. This dataset is one of many HeiGIT exports on HDX. See the HeiGIT website for more information. We are looking forward to hearing about your use-case! Feel free to reach out to us and tell us about your research at communications@heigit.org – we would be happy to amplify your work.

This dataset provides detailed information on road surfaces from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, distinguishing between **paved** and **unpaved** surfaces across the region. This information is based on road surface prediction derived from hybrid deep learning approach. For more information on Methods, refer to the [paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19874) Roughly 0.066 million km of roads are mapped in OSM in this region. Based on AI-mapped estimates the share of paved and unpaved roads is approximately 0.0095 and 0.0425 (in million kms), corressponding to 14.3662% and 64.3445% respectively of the total road length in the dataset region. 0.014 million km or 21.2893% of road surface information is missing in OSM. In order to fill this gap, Mapillary derived road surface dataset provides an additional 0.0004 million km of information (corressponding to 2.6528% of total missing information on road surface) It is intended for use in transportation planning, infrastructure analysis, climate emissions and geographic information system (GIS) applications. This dataset provides comprehensive information on road and urban area features, including location, surface quality, and classification metadata. This dataset includes attributes from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, AI predictions for road surface, and urban classifications. AI features: pred_class: Model-predicted class for the road surface, with values "paved" or "unpaved." pred_label: Binary label associated with pred_class (0 = paved, 1 = unpaved). osm_surface_class: Classification of the surface type from OSM, categorized as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_osm_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing the OSM surface tag, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_DL_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing DL prediction pred_label, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." n_of_predictions_used: Number of predictions used for the feature length estimation. predicted_length: Predicted length based on the DL model’s estimations, in meters. DL_mean_timestamp: Mean timestamp of the predictions used, for comparison. OSM features may have these attributes(Learn what tags mean here): name: Name of the feature, if available in OSM. name:en: Name of the feature in English, if available in OSM. name:* (in local language): Name of the feature in the local official language, where available. highway: Road classification based on OSM tags (e.g., residential, motorway, footway). surface: Description of the surface material of the road (e.g., asphalt, gravel, dirt). smoothness: Assessment of surface smoothness (e.g., excellent, good, intermediate, bad). width: Width of the road, where available. lanes: Number of lanes on the road. oneway: Indicates if the road is one-way (yes or no). bridge: Specifies if the feature is a bridge (yes or no). layer: Indicates the layer of the feature in cases where multiple features are stacked (e.g., bridges, tunnels). source: Source of the data, indicating the origin or authority of specific attributes. Urban classification features may have these attributes: continent: The continent where the data point is located (e.g., Europe, Asia). country_iso_a2: The ISO Alpha-2 code representing the country (e.g., "US" for the United States). urban: Binary indicator for urban areas based on the GHSU Urban Layer 2019. (0 = rural, 1 = urban) urban_area: Name of the urban area or city where the data point is located. osm_id: Unique identifier assigned by OpenStreetMap (OSM) to each feature. osm_type: Type of OSM element (e.g., node, way, relation). The data originates from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and is augmented with model predictions using images downloaded from Mapillary in combination with the GHSU Global Human Settlement Urban Layer 2019 and AFRICAPOLIS2020 urban layer. This dataset is one of many HeiGIT exports on HDX. See the HeiGIT website for more information. We are looking forward to hearing about your use-case! Feel free to reach out to us and tell us about your research at communications@heigit.org – we would be happy to amplify your work.

This dataset provides detailed information on road surfaces from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, distinguishing between **paved** and **unpaved** surfaces across the region. This information is based on road surface prediction derived from hybrid deep learning approach. For more information on Methods, refer to the [paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19874) Roughly 4.8023 million km of roads are mapped in OSM in this region. Based on AI-mapped estimates the share of paved and unpaved roads is approximately 0.5281 and 0.2874 (in million kms), corressponding to 10.9979% and 5.9838% respectively of the total road length in the dataset region. 3.9868 million km or 83.0183% of road surface information is missing in OSM. In order to fill this gap, Mapillary derived road surface dataset provides an additional 0.0218 million km of information (corressponding to 0.5461% of total missing information on road surface) It is intended for use in transportation planning, infrastructure analysis, climate emissions and geographic information system (GIS) applications. This dataset provides comprehensive information on road and urban area features, including location, surface quality, and classification metadata. This dataset includes attributes from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, AI predictions for road surface, and urban classifications. AI features: pred_class: Model-predicted class for the road surface, with values "paved" or "unpaved." pred_label: Binary label associated with pred_class (0 = paved, 1 = unpaved). osm_surface_class: Classification of the surface type from OSM, categorized as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_osm_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing the OSM surface tag, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_DL_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing DL prediction pred_label, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." n_of_predictions_used: Number of predictions used for the feature length estimation. predicted_length: Predicted length based on the DL model’s estimations, in meters. DL_mean_timestamp: Mean timestamp of the predictions used, for comparison. OSM features may have these attributes(Learn what tags mean here): name: Name of the feature, if available in OSM. name:en: Name of the feature in English, if available in OSM. name:* (in local language): Name of the feature in the local official language, where available. highway: Road classification based on OSM tags (e.g., residential, motorway, footway). surface: Description of the surface material of the road (e.g., asphalt, gravel, dirt). smoothness: Assessment of surface smoothness (e.g., excellent, good, intermediate, bad). width: Width of the road, where available. lanes: Number of lanes on the road. oneway: Indicates if the road is one-way (yes or no). bridge: Specifies if the feature is a bridge (yes or no). layer: Indicates the layer of the feature in cases where multiple features are stacked (e.g., bridges, tunnels). source: Source of the data, indicating the origin or authority of specific attributes. Urban classification features may have these attributes: continent: The continent where the data point is located (e.g., Europe, Asia). country_iso_a2: The ISO Alpha-2 code representing the country (e.g., "US" for the United States). urban: Binary indicator for urban areas based on the GHSU Urban Layer 2019. (0 = rural, 1 = urban) urban_area: Name of the urban area or city where the data point is located. osm_id: Unique identifier assigned by OpenStreetMap (OSM) to each feature. osm_type: Type of OSM element (e.g., node, way, relation). The data originates from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and is augmented with model predictions using images downloaded from Mapillary in combination with the GHSU Global Human Settlement Urban Layer 2019 and AFRICAPOLIS2020 urban layer. This dataset is one of many HeiGIT exports on HDX. See the HeiGIT website for more information. We are looking forward to hearing about your use-case! Feel free to reach out to us and tell us about your research at communications@heigit.org – we would be happy to amplify your work.

This dataset provides detailed information on road surfaces from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, distinguishing between **paved** and **unpaved** surfaces across the region. This information is based on road surface prediction derived from hybrid deep learning approach. For more information on Methods, refer to the [paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19874) Roughly 0.3263 million km of roads are mapped in OSM in this region. Based on AI-mapped estimates the share of paved and unpaved roads is approximately 0.0411 and 0.0178 (in million kms), corressponding to 12.5997% and 5.4678% respectively of the total road length in the dataset region. 0.2674 million km or 81.9325% of road surface information is missing in OSM. In order to fill this gap, Mapillary derived road surface dataset provides an additional 0.0043 million km of information (corressponding to 1.6254% of total missing information on road surface) It is intended for use in transportation planning, infrastructure analysis, climate emissions and geographic information system (GIS) applications. This dataset provides comprehensive information on road and urban area features, including location, surface quality, and classification metadata. This dataset includes attributes from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, AI predictions for road surface, and urban classifications. AI features: pred_class: Model-predicted class for the road surface, with values "paved" or "unpaved." pred_label: Binary label associated with pred_class (0 = paved, 1 = unpaved). osm_surface_class: Classification of the surface type from OSM, categorized as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_osm_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing the OSM surface tag, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_DL_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing DL prediction pred_label, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." n_of_predictions_used: Number of predictions used for the feature length estimation. predicted_length: Predicted length based on the DL model’s estimations, in meters. DL_mean_timestamp: Mean timestamp of the predictions used, for comparison. OSM features may have these attributes(Learn what tags mean here): name: Name of the feature, if available in OSM. name:en: Name of the feature in English, if available in OSM. name:* (in local language): Name of the feature in the local official language, where available. highway: Road classification based on OSM tags (e.g., residential, motorway, footway). surface: Description of the surface material of the road (e.g., asphalt, gravel, dirt). smoothness: Assessment of surface smoothness (e.g., excellent, good, intermediate, bad). width: Width of the road, where available. lanes: Number of lanes on the road. oneway: Indicates if the road is one-way (yes or no). bridge: Specifies if the feature is a bridge (yes or no). layer: Indicates the layer of the feature in cases where multiple features are stacked (e.g., bridges, tunnels). source: Source of the data, indicating the origin or authority of specific attributes. Urban classification features may have these attributes: continent: The continent where the data point is located (e.g., Europe, Asia). country_iso_a2: The ISO Alpha-2 code representing the country (e.g., "US" for the United States). urban: Binary indicator for urban areas based on the GHSU Urban Layer 2019. (0 = rural, 1 = urban) urban_area: Name of the urban area or city where the data point is located. osm_id: Unique identifier assigned by OpenStreetMap (OSM) to each feature. osm_type: Type of OSM element (e.g., node, way, relation). The data originates from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and is augmented with model predictions using images downloaded from Mapillary in combination with the GHSU Global Human Settlement Urban Layer 2019 and AFRICAPOLIS2020 urban layer. This dataset is one of many HeiGIT exports on HDX. See the HeiGIT website for more information. We are looking forward to hearing about your use-case! Feel free to reach out to us and tell us about your research at communications@heigit.org – we would be happy to amplify your work.

This dataset provides detailed information on road surfaces from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, distinguishing between **paved** and **unpaved** surfaces across the region. This information is based on road surface prediction derived from hybrid deep learning approach. For more information on Methods, refer to the [paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19874) Roughly 0.1279 million km of roads are mapped in OSM in this region. Based on AI-mapped estimates the share of paved and unpaved roads is approximately 0.025 and 0.0415 (in million kms), corressponding to 19.5376% and 32.4556% respectively of the total road length in the dataset region. 0.0614 million km or 48.0068% of road surface information is missing in OSM. In order to fill this gap, Mapillary derived road surface dataset provides an additional 0.0007 million km of information (corressponding to 1.1673% of total missing information on road surface) It is intended for use in transportation planning, infrastructure analysis, climate emissions and geographic information system (GIS) applications. This dataset provides comprehensive information on road and urban area features, including location, surface quality, and classification metadata. This dataset includes attributes from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, AI predictions for road surface, and urban classifications. AI features: pred_class: Model-predicted class for the road surface, with values "paved" or "unpaved." pred_label: Binary label associated with pred_class (0 = paved, 1 = unpaved). osm_surface_class: Classification of the surface type from OSM, categorized as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_osm_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing the OSM surface tag, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_DL_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing DL prediction pred_label, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." n_of_predictions_used: Number of predictions used for the feature length estimation. predicted_length: Predicted length based on the DL model’s estimations, in meters. DL_mean_timestamp: Mean timestamp of the predictions used, for comparison. OSM features may have these attributes(Learn what tags mean here): name: Name of the feature, if available in OSM. name:en: Name of the feature in English, if available in OSM. name:* (in local language): Name of the feature in the local official language, where available. highway: Road classification based on OSM tags (e.g., residential, motorway, footway). surface: Description of the surface material of the road (e.g., asphalt, gravel, dirt). smoothness: Assessment of surface smoothness (e.g., excellent, good, intermediate, bad). width: Width of the road, where available. lanes: Number of lanes on the road. oneway: Indicates if the road is one-way (yes or no). bridge: Specifies if the feature is a bridge (yes or no). layer: Indicates the layer of the feature in cases where multiple features are stacked (e.g., bridges, tunnels). source: Source of the data, indicating the origin or authority of specific attributes. Urban classification features may have these attributes: continent: The continent where the data point is located (e.g., Europe, Asia). country_iso_a2: The ISO Alpha-2 code representing the country (e.g., "US" for the United States). urban: Binary indicator for urban areas based on the GHSU Urban Layer 2019. (0 = rural, 1 = urban) urban_area: Name of the urban area or city where the data point is located. osm_id: Unique identifier assigned by OpenStreetMap (OSM) to each feature. osm_type: Type of OSM element (e.g., node, way, relation). The data originates from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and is augmented with model predictions using images downloaded from Mapillary in combination with the GHSU Global Human Settlement Urban Layer 2019 and AFRICAPOLIS2020 urban layer. This dataset is one of many HeiGIT exports on HDX. See the HeiGIT website for more information. We are looking forward to hearing about your use-case! Feel free to reach out to us and tell us about your research at communications@heigit.org – we would be happy to amplify your work.

This dataset provides detailed information on road surfaces from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, distinguishing between **paved** and **unpaved** surfaces across the region. This information is based on road surface prediction derived from hybrid deep learning approach. For more information on Methods, refer to the [paper](http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19874) Roughly 0.0012 million km of roads are mapped in OSM in this region. Based on AI-mapped estimates the share of paved and unpaved roads is approximately 0.0005 and 0.0002 (in million kms), corressponding to 41.6484% and 15.126% respectively of the total road length in the dataset region. 0.0005 million km or 43.2257% of road surface information is missing in OSM. In order to fill this gap, Mapillary derived road surface dataset provides an additional 0.0 million km of information (corressponding to 0.1918% of total missing information on road surface) It is intended for use in transportation planning, infrastructure analysis, climate emissions and geographic information system (GIS) applications. This dataset provides comprehensive information on road and urban area features, including location, surface quality, and classification metadata. This dataset includes attributes from OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, AI predictions for road surface, and urban classifications. AI features: pred_class: Model-predicted class for the road surface, with values "paved" or "unpaved." pred_label: Binary label associated with pred_class (0 = paved, 1 = unpaved). osm_surface_class: Classification of the surface type from OSM, categorized as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_osm_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing the OSM surface tag, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." combined_surface_DL_priority: Surface classification combining pred_label and surface(OSM) while prioritizing DL prediction pred_label, classified as "paved" or "unpaved." n_of_predictions_used: Number of predictions used for the feature length estimation. predicted_length: Predicted length based on the DL model’s estimations, in meters. DL_mean_timestamp: Mean timestamp of the predictions used, for comparison. OSM features may have these attributes(Learn what tags mean here): name: Name of the feature, if available in OSM. name:en: Name of the feature in English, if available in OSM. name:* (in local language): Name of the feature in the local official language, where available. highway: Road classification based on OSM tags (e.g., residential, motorway, footway). surface: Description of the surface material of the road (e.g., asphalt, gravel, dirt). smoothness: Assessment of surface smoothness (e.g., excellent, good, intermediate, bad). width: Width of the road, where available. lanes: Number of lanes on the road. oneway: Indicates if the road is one-way (yes or no). bridge: Specifies if the feature is a bridge (yes or no). layer: Indicates the layer of the feature in cases where multiple features are stacked (e.g., bridges, tunnels). source: Source of the data, indicating the origin or authority of specific attributes. Urban classification features may have these attributes: continent: The continent where the data point is located (e.g., Europe, Asia). country_iso_a2: The ISO Alpha-2 code representing the country (e.g., "US" for the United States). urban: Binary indicator for urban areas based on the GHSU Urban Layer 2019. (0 = rural, 1 = urban) urban_area: Name of the urban area or city where the data point is located. osm_id: Unique identifier assigned by OpenStreetMap (OSM) to each feature. osm_type: Type of OSM element (e.g., node, way, relation). The data originates from OpenStreetMap (OSM) and is augmented with model predictions using images downloaded from Mapillary in combination with the GHSU Global Human Settlement Urban Layer 2019 and AFRICAPOLIS2020 urban layer. This dataset is one of many HeiGIT exports on HDX. See the HeiGIT website for more information. We are looking forward to hearing about your use-case! Feel free to reach out to us and tell us about your research at communications@heigit.org – we would be happy to amplify your work.